{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 2021-11-17"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 42\n",
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "float"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 1.7\n",
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "list"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [1, 2, 'drei']\n",
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "_a = 666\n",
    "_123 = 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "b = 2\n",
    "c = 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 2 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a, b, c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a, b, c = 1, 2, 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 2 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a, b, c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1,2,3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a, b, c, sep=',')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Enter Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b, c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = a, b, c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tuple"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Exchange values of a and b, the traditional way"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2, 1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c = a\n",
    "a = b\n",
    "b = c\n",
    "a, b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Exchange values, Pythonic"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "b = 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a, b = b, a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2, 1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Name of this: **Tuple Unpacking**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### References"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 42\n",
    "b = a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "42"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575811317328"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575811317328"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575811316208"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = 7\n",
    "id(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Datatypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 0xffffffff;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4294967295"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4294967296"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 2**64 - 1 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "18446744073709551615"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "18446744073709551616"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1267650600228229401496703205376"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "19950631168807583848837421626835850838234968318861924548520089498529438830221946631919961684036194597899331129423209124271556491349413781117593785932096323957855730046793794526765246551266059895520550086918193311542508608460618104685509074866089624888090489894838009253941633257850621568309473902556912388065225096643874441046759871626985453222868538161694315775629640762836880760732228535091641476183956381458969463899410840960536267821064621427333394036525565649530603142680234969400335934316651459297773279665775606172582031407994198179607378245683762280037302885487251900834464581454650557929601414833921615734588139257095379769119277800826957735674444123062018757836325502728323789270710373802866393031428133241401624195671690574061419654342324638801248856147305207431992259611796250130992860241708340807605932320161268492288496255841312844061536738951487114256315111089745514203313820202931640957596464756010405845841566072044962867016515061920631004186422275908670900574606417856951911456055068251250406007519842261898059237118054444788072906395242548339221982707404473162376760846613033778706039803413197133493654622700563169937455508241780972810983291314403571877524768509857276937926433221599399876886660808368837838027643282775172273657572744784112294389733810861607423253291974813120197604178281965697475898164531258434135959862784130128185406283476649088690521047580882615823961985770122407044330583075869039319604603404973156583208672105913300903752823415539745394397715257455290510212310947321610753474825740775273986348298498340756937955646638621874569499279016572103701364433135817214311791398222983845847334440270964182851005072927748364550578634501100852987812389473928699540834346158807043959118985815145779177143619698728131459483783202081474982171858011389071228250905826817436220577475921417653715687725614904582904992461028630081535583308130101987675856234343538955409175623400844887526162643568648833519463720377293240094456246923254350400678027273837755376406726898636241037491410966718557050759098100246789880178271925953381282421954028302759408448955014676668389697996886241636313376393903373455801407636741877711055384225739499110186468219696581651485130494222369947714763069155468217682876200362777257723781365331611196811280792669481887201298643660768551639860534602297871557517947385246369446923087894265948217008051120322365496288169035739121368338393591756418733850510970271613915439590991598154654417336311656936031122249937969999226781732358023111862644575299135758175008199839236284615249881088960232244362173771618086357015468484058622329792853875623486556440536962622018963571028812361567512543338303270029097668650568557157505516727518899194129711337690149916181315171544007728650573189557450920330185304847113818315407324053319038462084036421763703911550639789000742853672196280903477974533320468368795868580237952218629120080742819551317948157624448298518461509704888027274721574688131594750409732115080498190455803416826949787141316063210686391511681774304792596709376"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**10000"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Floor Division"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3//2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3%2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4%2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "even number\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 22%2 == 0:\n",
    "    print('even number')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "16%3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1+2*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1+2)*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Datatype Conversions, Type Names"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'abc'\n",
    "type(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '666'\n",
    "type(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'TypeError'> can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    s += 1\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = int(s, 10)\n",
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "72"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '0x48'\n",
    "int(s, 16)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 330,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.234"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 330,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '1.234'\n",
    "float(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 332,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'ValueError'> could not convert string to float: '1,234'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '1,234'   # hm. comma?\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    float(s)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 333,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'1.234'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 333,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '1,234'   # hm. comma? have to correct this!\n",
    "s.replace(',', '.')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 334,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.234"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 334,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "float(s.replace(',', '.'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'666'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 666\n",
    "s = str(i)\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"{'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2}\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d = {'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2}\n",
    "dstr = str(d)\n",
    "dstr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 666\n",
    "print(type(i))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = float(i)\n",
    "f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = 666.777\n",
    "i = int(f)\n",
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "667"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(f)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['a', 'b', 'c']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'abc'\n",
    "l = list(s)\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'TypeError'> 'int' object is not iterable\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    list(666)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Type names are variables** (or so)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(666)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 666\n",
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "type"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "type"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(bool)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "type"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(dict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int('666')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "type"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "At this point, the name \"int\" refer to the integer type (\"int\" is a variable that refers to a type object).\n",
    "Now, we assign an int object to the \"int\" variable."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "int = 666"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The type int is apparently gone!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 66,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'TypeError'> 'int' object is not callable\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    i = int('666')\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "WTF?? How to repair this??!!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(666)   # int is still alive!!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "int = type(666)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "type"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int('666')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Compound Datatypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### List"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 73,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Question: is something in the list?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "not 2 in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 not in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 77,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "100 in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.append(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.extend([5, 6, 7])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 81,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Attention**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, [8, 9, 10]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l.append([8, 9, 10])  # appends only one element of type list!\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, [8, 9, 10], 'a', 'b', 'c']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l.extend('abc')  # appends three elements of type str (one character each)\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, [8, 9, 10], 'a', 'b', 'c', 0, 1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 84,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l.extend(range(4))\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Tuple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = (1, 2, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 86,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 87,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    t.append(4)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Dictionary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 89,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map = {\n",
    "    'eins': 1,\n",
    "    'zwei': 2,\n",
    "}\n",
    "type(map)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 90,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(map)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 91,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'zwei' in map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 92,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'drei' in map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 93,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map['eins']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "map['drei'] = 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2, 'drei': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 95,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "map['zwei'] = 2.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2.0, 'drei': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'KeyError'> 'vier'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    map['vier']\n",
    "except KeyError as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = {1, 2, 3}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 100,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 in s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s.add(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1, 2, 3, 100}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 103,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s.add('/path/to/something')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 105,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'/path/to/something', 1, 100, 2, 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 105,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 106,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{1, 2, 3} - {2, 3, 4}   # difference"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Question: can I use a string as a set?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'TypeError'> unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'str'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    \"abc\" - \"bcd\"\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 108,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'a', 'b', 'c'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 108,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = set(\"abc\")\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 109,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = set(range(10))\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1000, 3, 'vier'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 110,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = set([3, 1000, 'vier'])\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 111,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 in s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Boolean"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 112,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 112,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 < 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 113,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 113,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(1<2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 114,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b = True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 115,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 1:\n",
    "    print('hm')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 100:\n",
    "    print('hm')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 117,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if 0:\n",
    "    print('hm')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 118,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 118,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool(0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 119,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 119,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Attention**: boolean values of compound types"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 120,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 120,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = {}\n",
    "bool(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 121,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool('')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 122,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool('abc')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## NoneType"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 123,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "NoneType"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 123,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = None\n",
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 124,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def f(s):\n",
    "    if s:\n",
    "        print('jo')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('na')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 125,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jo\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f({1, 2, 3})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 126,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "na\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f({})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 127,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "na\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(None)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 128,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def f(s):\n",
    "    if s is None:\n",
    "        print('na')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('ja')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 129,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "na\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(None)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 130,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ja\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f({})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Short Circuit Evaluation of Boolean Expression "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 131,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 131,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True or False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 132,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jo\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 1 in {1, 2} or type('abc') is int:\n",
    "    print('jo')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 133,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 133,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "False or True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 134,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 134,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True and False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 135,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 135,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "False and True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 136,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "na\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 1 in {1, 2} and type('abc') is int:\n",
    "    print('jo')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('na')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 137,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 137,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "False or False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 138,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 138,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True and True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 139,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hallo\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 139,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool(print('hallo'))   # print has a boolean value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 140,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 140,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 == 2 and print('hallo')    # note: we do not see 'hallo'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 141,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hallo\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 == 2 or print('hallo')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 142,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 142,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "not True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Exercise: Mixed List"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 143,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = {'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2}    # dict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 144,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "xxx = 1, 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 145,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 145,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "xxx"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 146,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tuple"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 146,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(xxx)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 147,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = {'eins':1}, {'zwei': 2}     # tuple :-) :-) :-)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 148,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tuple"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 148,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Day 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Python Documentation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**String examples**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 149,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = 'mississippi'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 150,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 150,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s.count('ss')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 151,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Mississippi'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 151,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s.capitalize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 152,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'mississippi'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 152,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 153,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = '1,2,3,4'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 154,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "items = s.split(',')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 155,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['1', '2', '3', '4']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 155,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "items"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 156,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'1-2-3-4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 156,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'-'.join(items)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 157,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'1-2-3-4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 157,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s.replace(',', '-')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 158,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'dusan+alex'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 158,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 'dusan'\n",
    "b = 'alex'\n",
    "'+'.join([a, b])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 159,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = '        das sind die nutzdaten, alles andere ist mist               '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 160,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'das sind die nutzdaten, alles andere ist mist'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 160,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s.strip()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 161,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['das', 'sind', 'die', 'nutzdaten,', 'alles', 'andere', 'ist', 'mist']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 161,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s.strip().split(' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Regular Expressions**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 162,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = '2021-11-17'   # hm: year, month, day"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 163,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(0, 10), match='2021-11-17'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 163,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import re\n",
    "match = re.search('^(\\d{4})-(\\d+)-(\\d+)$', s)\n",
    "match"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 164,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'2021'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 164,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "match.group(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 165,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'11'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 165,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "match.group(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 166,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'17'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 166,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "match.group(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Where is ``pi``**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 167,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.141592653589793"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 167,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "math.pi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Random numbers**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 168,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import random"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 169,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "61"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 169,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "random.randrange(10, 100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Paths, Filenames, Directories**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 170,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os.path"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 171,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dirname = '/home/jfasch'\n",
    "filename = '.bashrc'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 172,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'/home/jfasch/.bashrc'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 172,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "os.path.join(dirname, filename)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## ``while``"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 173,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n",
      "10\n",
      "the sum is: 55\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# sum of number 1..10\n",
    "i = 1\n",
    "s = 0   # the future sum\n",
    "while i <= 10:\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    s += i\n",
    "    i += 1\n",
    "print('the sum is:', s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 174,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "yay!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# roll dice (at most 10 times) until we see 6\n",
    "import random\n",
    "\n",
    "win = False\n",
    "n = 0\n",
    "while n < 10:\n",
    "    rnd = random.randrange(1, 7)\n",
    "    if rnd == 6:\n",
    "        win = True\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    n += 1\n",
    "if win:\n",
    "    print('yay!')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('you lost!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 175,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "yay!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# roll dice (at most 10 times) until we see 6\n",
    "import random\n",
    "\n",
    "n = 0\n",
    "while n < 10:\n",
    "    rnd = random.randrange(1, 7)\n",
    "    if rnd == 6:\n",
    "        print('yay!')\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    n += 1\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('you lost!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## ``for``"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 176,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "yay!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# roll dice (at most 10 times) until we see 6\n",
    "import random\n",
    "\n",
    "for _ in range(10):     # use '_' to conventionally state that we do not use this variable\n",
    "    rnd = random.randrange(1, 7)\n",
    "    if rnd == 6:\n",
    "        print('yay!')\n",
    "        break\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('you lost!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Iteration over Compound Datatypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**List**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 177,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "drei\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 2, 'drei']\n",
    "for element in l:\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Tuple**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 178,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "drei\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = (1, 2, 'drei')\n",
    "for element in t:\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Set**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 179,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 'drei'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 179,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = set()\n",
    "for i in range(20):\n",
    "    s.add(i)\n",
    "s.add('drei')\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 180,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n",
      "10\n",
      "11\n",
      "12\n",
      "13\n",
      "14\n",
      "15\n",
      "16\n",
      "17\n",
      "18\n",
      "19\n",
      "drei\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in s:\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Dictionary**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 181,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "map = {\n",
    "    'eins': 1,\n",
    "    'zwei': 2,\n",
    "    'drei': 3,\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 182,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "eins\n",
      "zwei\n",
      "drei\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in map:     # implicitly iterates over keys\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 183,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "eins\n",
      "zwei\n",
      "drei\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for key in map.keys():  # explicitly iterates over keys (better)\n",
    "    print(key)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 184,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for value in map.values():\n",
    "    print(value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 185,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('eins', 1) <class 'tuple'>\n",
      "('zwei', 2) <class 'tuple'>\n",
      "('drei', 3) <class 'tuple'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in map.items():   # pairwise iteration -> tuples\n",
    "    print(element, type(element))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Tuple unpacking**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 186,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 186,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b = 1, 2\n",
    "a, b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 187,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a, b = b, a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 188,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "key: eins , value: 1\n",
      "key: zwei , value: 2\n",
      "key: drei , value: 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in map.items():\n",
    "    key = element[0]\n",
    "    value = element[1]\n",
    "    print('key:', key, ', value:', value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 189,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "key: eins , value: 1\n",
      "key: zwei , value: 2\n",
      "key: drei , value: 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for key, value in map.items():\n",
    "    print('key:', key, ', value:', value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Tuple unpacking, Database-wise**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 190,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "SVNr: 1, Firstname: Joerg, Lastname: Faschingbauer\n",
      "SVNr: 3, Firstname: Johanna, Lastname: Faschingbauer\n",
      "SVNr: 2, Firstname: Caro, Lastname: Faschingbauer\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "resultset = [  # SVNr, Firstname, Lastname\n",
    "    (1, 'Joerg', 'Faschingbauer'),\n",
    "    (3, 'Johanna', 'Faschingbauer'),\n",
    "    (2, 'Caro', 'Faschingbauer'),\n",
    "]\n",
    "for svnr, first, last in resultset:\n",
    "    print(f'SVNr: {svnr}, Firstname: {first}, Lastname: {last}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## File IO"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 191,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "f = open('passwd')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 192,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<_io.TextIOWrapper name='passwd' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 192,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 193,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 193,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line = f.readline()\n",
    "line"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 194,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 194,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line = f.readline()\n",
    "line"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 195,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "f = open('passwd')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 196,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n",
      "\n",
      "bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync\n",
      "\n",
      "shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown\n",
      "\n",
      "halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt\n",
      "\n",
      "mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-oom:x:998:996:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-timesync:x:997:995:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "polkitd:x:996:994:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "unbound:x:995:992:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "dnsmasq:x:994:991:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "nm-openconnect:x:993:989:NetworkManager user for OpenConnect:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "gluster:x:992:988:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "pipewire:x:991:987:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "geoclue:x:990:986:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "chrony:x:989:984::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "saslauth:x:988:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "openvpn:x:987:982:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "nm-openvpn:x:986:981:Default user for running openvpn spawned by NetworkManager:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "colord:x:985:980:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "flatpak:x:984:979:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "gnome-initial-setup:x:983:978::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "vboxadd:x:982:1::/var/run/vboxadd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "jfasch:x:1000:1000:Joerg Faschingbauer:/home/jfasch:/bin/bash\n",
      "\n",
      "mosquitto:x:981:974:Mosquitto Broker:/etc/mosquitto:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for line in f:\n",
    "    print(line)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Day 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 197,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def maximum(a, b):\n",
    "    if a < b:\n",
    "        return b\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 198,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 198,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum(1, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 199,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'b'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 199,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum('a', 'b')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 200,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[4, 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 200,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 201,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'TypeError'> '<' not supported between instances of 'int' and 'str'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    maximum(1, 'abc')\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 202,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class A:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, a, b):\n",
    "        self.a = a\n",
    "        self.b = b\n",
    "    def doit(self):\n",
    "        print(self.a, self.b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 203,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = A(2, 3)\n",
    "a.doit()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 204,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "type"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 204,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(A)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 205,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "mappingproxy({'__module__': '__main__',\n",
       "              '__init__': <function __main__.A.__init__(self, a, b)>,\n",
       "              'doit': <function __main__.A.doit(self)>,\n",
       "              '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'A' objects>,\n",
       "              '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'A' objects>,\n",
       "              '__doc__': None})"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 205,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "A.__dict__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 206,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# s = 'def xxx(self): print(\"xxx jessas\")'\n",
    "# exec(s, A.__dict__)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### The ``range()`` Function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 207,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 208,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 209,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10, 2):   # begin 10, end 2 -> nothing in between\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 210,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "2\n",
      "4\n",
      "6\n",
      "8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(0, 10, 2):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 211,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "2\n",
      "4\n",
      "6\n",
      "8\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 10+1 = 11\n",
    "for i in range(0, 10+1, 2):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Generators, Iterator Protocol, ``for``"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 212,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range(0, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 212,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "range(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 213,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range(0, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 213,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r = range(3)\n",
    "r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 214,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 214,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(r)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 215,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in r:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 216,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "r = range(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 217,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "it = iter(r)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 218,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range_iterator"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 218,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(it)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 219,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 219,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = next(it)\n",
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 220,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 220,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = next(it)\n",
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 221,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 221,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = next(it)\n",
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 222,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'StopIteration'> \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    i = next(it)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Common Sequence Operation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 223,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = 'abc'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 224,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'abcabc'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 224,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s + s "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 225,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'abcabc'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 225,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s*2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 226,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 226,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[1, 2, 3]*2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 227,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Slicing**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 228,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['c', 'd']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 228,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[2:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 229,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'cd'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 229,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'abcde'[2:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 230,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['b', 'd', 'f']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 230,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[1:6:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 231,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l[2:4] = [1, 2, 3, 4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 232,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['a', 'b', 1, 2, 3, 4, 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 232,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comprehensions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 233,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 234,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def squares(inputlist):\n",
    "    ret = []\n",
    "    for i in inputlist:\n",
    "        ret.append(i**2)\n",
    "    return ret"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 235,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 235,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sq = squares(l)\n",
    "sq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 236,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 236,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "squares(range(1, 6))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**List Comprehension**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 237,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "list"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 237,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sq = [i**2 for i in l]\n",
    "type(sq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 238,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 238,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 239,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 239,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[i**2 for i in range(10)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 240,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 4, 16, 36, 64]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 240,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[i**2 for i in range(10) if i%2 == 0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 241,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 4, 16, 36, 64]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 241,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[i**2 for i in range(0, 10, 2)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Set Comprehensions**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 242,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "set"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 242,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wtf = {i**2 for i in range(10) if i%2 == 0}\n",
    "type(wtf)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 243,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0, 4, 16, 36, 64}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 243,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wtf"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Dictionary Comprehension**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 244,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 244,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wtf = {i: i**2 for i in range(10)}\n",
    "type(wtf)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 245,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(wtf)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### List, Iterable? WTF?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 246,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = list(range(10))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 247,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 247,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 248,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['a', 'b', 'c']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 248,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = list('abc')\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Dict and iterable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 249,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "eins 1\n",
      "zwei 2\n",
      "drei 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [('eins', 1), ('zwei', 2), ('drei', 3)]\n",
    "for k, v in l:\n",
    "    print(k, v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 250,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2, 'drei': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 250,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map = dict(l)\n",
    "map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### More on Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 251,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [3, 2, 1, 4, 7, 5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 252,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del l[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 253,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[3, 2, 4, 7, 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 253,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 254,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[2, 3, 4, 5, 7]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 254,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sorted(l)    # returns a sorted list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 255,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[3, 2, 4, 7, 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 255,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 256,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.sort()    # sort l in place"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 257,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[2, 3, 4, 5, 7]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 257,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 258,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<list_reverseiterator at 0x7fda5444e6a0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 258,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "reversed(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 259,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.reverse()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 260,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[7, 5, 4, 3, 2]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 260,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### More on Dictionaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 261,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "map = {'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 262,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 262,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map['eins']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 263,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'KeyError'> 'drei'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    map['drei']\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(type(e), e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 264,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "not found\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if map.get('drei') is None:     # \n",
    "    print('not found')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('found')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 265,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "found\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if map.get('zwei') is None:     # \n",
    "    print('not found')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('found')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 266,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 266,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "v = map.get('zwei')\n",
    "v"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 267,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 267,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "v = map.get('drei', 3)\n",
    "v"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 268,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 268,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 269,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del map['zwei']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 270,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'eins': 1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 270,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 271,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "other_map = {'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2, 'vier': 4}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 272,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'eins': 1, 'zwei': 2, 'vier': 4}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 272,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "map.update(other_map)\n",
    "map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### References, Mutability"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Integers are Immutable**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 273,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 10\n",
    "b = a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 274,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575811316304"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 274,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 275,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575811316304"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 275,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 276,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 276,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = 42\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 277,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 10\n",
    "b = a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 278,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 278,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 42\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Lists are Mutable**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 279,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "l2 = l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 280,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575692459008"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 280,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 281,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575692459008"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 281,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 282,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 282,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2.append(4)\n",
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 283,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 283,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Protect against such errors?**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 284,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "l2 = l1[:]    # slice [begin:end] -> elementwise copy"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 285,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 285,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 286,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 286,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 287,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575692438848"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 287,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 288,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140575692448960"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 288,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 289,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l2.append(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 290,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 290,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 292,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 292,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Hm ...**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 293,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 293,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1 = [1, 2, ['drei', 'vier'], 5, 6]\n",
    "len(l1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 295,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, ['drei', 'vier'], 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 295,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2 = l1[:]\n",
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 296,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, ['drei', 'vier', 'fuenf'], 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 296,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2[2].append('fuenf')\n",
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 298,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, ['drei', 'vier', 'fuenf'], 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 298,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---> **Shallow copy**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Deep copy?**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 300,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l1 = [1, 2, ['drei', 'vier'], 5, 6]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 301,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import copy"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 302,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, ['drei', 'vier'], 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 302,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2 = copy.deepcopy(l1)\n",
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 303,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, ['drei', 'vier', 'fuenf'], 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 303,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2[2].append('fuenf')\n",
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 304,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, ['drei', 'vier'], 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 304,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### CSV"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 305,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 314,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "f = open('code/beispiel.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 315,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['FUND_NAME', 'FUND_ISIN', 'FUND_TICKER', 'AS_OF_DATE', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT']\n",
      "['American Funds American Balanced Fund;A', 'US0240711020', 'ABALX', '20210103', 'T', '', '2,084', '0']\n",
      "['Dodge & Cox Balanced Fund', 'US2562011047', 'DODBX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '410', '1']\n",
      "['Dodge & Cox Stock Fund', 'US2562191062', 'DODGX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '74', '1']\n",
      "['Franklin Income Fund;A1', 'US3534963000', 'FKINX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '302', '1']\n",
      "['American Funds Growth Fund of America;A', 'US3998741066', 'AGTHX', '20210103', 'T', '', '378', '0']\n",
      "['T Rowe Price Growth Stock Fund', 'US7414791092', 'PRGFX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '87', '1']\n",
      "['Fidelity Puritan Fund', 'US3163451079', 'FPURX', '20210103', 'T', '', '1,124', '0']\n",
      "['Fidelity Contrafund', 'US3160711095', 'FCNTX', '20210103', 'T', '', '363', '0']\n",
      "['T Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund', 'US77954M1053', 'PRWCX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '165', '2']\n",
      "['Old Westbury Large Cap Strategies Fund', 'US6804141090', 'OWLSX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '199', '2']\n",
      "['American Funds Capital Income Builder;A', 'US1401931035', 'CAIBX', '20210103', 'T', '', '1,582', '0']\n",
      "['Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund;Institutional', 'US4115115044', 'HACAX', '20210103', 'T', '', '55', '0']\n",
      "['T Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund', 'US77954Q1067', 'TRBCX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '123', '1']\n",
      "['Dreyfus Treasury Securities Cash Management;Inst', 'US2619411083', 'DIRXX', '20210103', 'T', '', '50', '0']\n",
      "['BlackRock Global Allocation Fund;Institutional', 'US09251T5092', 'MALOX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '1,241', '16']\n",
      "['Fidelity Low-Priced Stock Fund', 'US3163453059', 'FLPSX', '20210103', 'T', '', '799', '0']\n",
      "['BlackRock Liquidity Treasury Trust Fund;Inst', 'US09248U5517', 'TTTXX', '20210103', 'T', '', '63', '0']\n",
      "['DFA Five-Year Global Fixed Income Portfolio;Inst', 'US2332038841', 'DFGBX', '20210103', 'T', '', '350', '0']\n",
      "['Federated Hermes US Treasury Cash Reserves;Inst', 'US60934N6821', 'UTIXX', '20210103', 'T', '', '55', '0']\n",
      "['Oakmark International Fund;Investor', 'US4138382027', 'OAKIX', '20210103', 'T', '', '80', '0']\n",
      "['Advanced Srs T Rowe Price Asset Allocation Port', 'US00767H4939', '', '20210103', 'T', '', '2,787', '0']\n",
      "['FPA Crescent Fund;Inst', 'US30254T7596', 'FPACX', '20210103', 'T', '', '138', '0']\n",
      "['Franklin Income Fund;C', 'US3534968058', 'FCISX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '302', '1']\n",
      "['MFS Value Fund;I', 'US5529836943', 'MEIIX', '20210103', 'T', '', '76', '0']\n",
      "['Goldman Sachs FS Treasury Instruments Fd;Inst', 'US38142B5003', 'FTIXX', '20210103', 'T', '', '67', '0']\n",
      "['Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund', 'US8085098551', 'SWPPX', '20210103', 'T', '', '508', '0']\n",
      "['Templeton Global Bond Fund;Advisor', 'US8802084009', 'TGBAX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '82', '1']\n",
      "['First Eagle Global Fund;I', 'US32008F6060', 'SGIIX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '225', '1']\n",
      "['iShares Core S&P 500 ETF', 'US4642872000', 'IVV', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '507', '1']\n",
      "['Vanguard 500 Index Fund;Admiral', 'US9229087104', 'VFIAX', '20210103', 'T', '', '510', '0']\n",
      "['Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund;Admiral', 'US9229087286', 'VTSAX', '20210103', 'T', '', '3,370', '0']\n",
      "['SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF', 'US78467Y1073', 'MDY', '20210103', 'T', '', '400', '0']\n",
      "['SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust', 'US78467X1090', 'DIA', '20210103', 'T', '', '31', '0']\n",
      "['Health Care Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'US81369Y2090', 'XLV', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '64', '1']\n",
      "['Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'US81369Y4070', 'XLY', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '62', '1']\n",
      "['Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'US81369Y5069', 'XLE', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '28', '1']\n",
      "['Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'US81369Y6059', 'XLF', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '66', '1']\n",
      "['Technology Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'US81369Y8030', 'XLK', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '74', '1']\n",
      "['Invesco QQQ Trust Series 1', 'US46090E1038', 'QQQ', '20210103', 'T', '', '104', '0']\n",
      "['Dodge & Cox International Stock Fund', 'US2562061034', 'DODFX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '80', '1']\n",
      "['iShares MSCI EAFE ETF', 'US4642874659', 'EFA', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '897', '1']\n",
      "['JPMorgan 100% US Treasury Secs Mny Mkt Fd;Inst', 'US4812A28358', 'JTSXX', '20210103', 'T', '', '41', '0']\n",
      "['Invesco S&P 500 Eql Wght ETF', 'US46137V3574', 'RSP', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '507', '1']\n",
      "['JPMorgan 100% US Treasury Secs Mny Mkt Fd;Capital', 'US4812A03757', 'CJTXX', '20210103', 'T', '', '41', '0']\n",
      "['Invesco Developing Markets Fund;Y', 'US00143W8753', 'ODVYX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '72', '3']\n",
      "['SPDR S&P Dividend ETF', 'US78464A7634', 'SDY', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '118', '1']\n",
      "['DFA International Core Equity Portfolio;Inst', 'US2332033719', 'DFIEX', '20210103', 'T', '', '4,888', '0']\n",
      "['Edgewood Growth Fund;Institutional', 'US0075W07594', 'EGFIX', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '23', '1']\n",
      "['Advanced Series Prudential Growth Allocation Port', 'US00767H7585', '', '20210103', 'T', 'T', '2,400', '3']\n",
      "['MFS Value Fund;R6', 'US55273H3536', 'MEIKX', '20210103', 'T', '', '76', '0']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rdr = csv.reader(f, delimiter=';')\n",
    "for row in rdr:\n",
    "    print(row)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 327,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "f = open('code/beispiel.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 328,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'American Funds American Balanced Fund;A', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US0240711020', 'FUND_TICKER': 'ABALX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '2,084', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Dodge & Cox Balanced Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US2562011047', 'FUND_TICKER': 'DODBX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '410', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Dodge & Cox Stock Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US2562191062', 'FUND_TICKER': 'DODGX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '74', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Franklin Income Fund;A1', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US3534963000', 'FUND_TICKER': 'FKINX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '302', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'American Funds Growth Fund of America;A', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US3998741066', 'FUND_TICKER': 'AGTHX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '378', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'T Rowe Price Growth Stock Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US7414791092', 'FUND_TICKER': 'PRGFX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '87', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Fidelity Puritan Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US3163451079', 'FUND_TICKER': 'FPURX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '1,124', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Fidelity Contrafund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US3160711095', 'FUND_TICKER': 'FCNTX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '363', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'T Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US77954M1053', 'FUND_TICKER': 'PRWCX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '165', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '2'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Old Westbury Large Cap Strategies Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US6804141090', 'FUND_TICKER': 'OWLSX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '199', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '2'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'American Funds Capital Income Builder;A', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US1401931035', 'FUND_TICKER': 'CAIBX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '1,582', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund;Institutional', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US4115115044', 'FUND_TICKER': 'HACAX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '55', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'T Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US77954Q1067', 'FUND_TICKER': 'TRBCX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '123', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Dreyfus Treasury Securities Cash Management;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US2619411083', 'FUND_TICKER': 'DIRXX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '50', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'BlackRock Global Allocation Fund;Institutional', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US09251T5092', 'FUND_TICKER': 'MALOX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '1,241', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '16'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Fidelity Low-Priced Stock Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US3163453059', 'FUND_TICKER': 'FLPSX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '799', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'BlackRock Liquidity Treasury Trust Fund;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US09248U5517', 'FUND_TICKER': 'TTTXX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '63', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'DFA Five-Year Global Fixed Income Portfolio;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US2332038841', 'FUND_TICKER': 'DFGBX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '350', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Federated Hermes US Treasury Cash Reserves;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US60934N6821', 'FUND_TICKER': 'UTIXX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '55', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Oakmark International Fund;Investor', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US4138382027', 'FUND_TICKER': 'OAKIX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '80', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Advanced Srs T Rowe Price Asset Allocation Port', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US00767H4939', 'FUND_TICKER': '', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '2,787', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'FPA Crescent Fund;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US30254T7596', 'FUND_TICKER': 'FPACX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '138', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Franklin Income Fund;C', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US3534968058', 'FUND_TICKER': 'FCISX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '302', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'MFS Value Fund;I', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US5529836943', 'FUND_TICKER': 'MEIIX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '76', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Goldman Sachs FS Treasury Instruments Fd;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US38142B5003', 'FUND_TICKER': 'FTIXX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '67', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US8085098551', 'FUND_TICKER': 'SWPPX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '508', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Templeton Global Bond Fund;Advisor', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US8802084009', 'FUND_TICKER': 'TGBAX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '82', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'First Eagle Global Fund;I', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US32008F6060', 'FUND_TICKER': 'SGIIX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '225', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'iShares Core S&P 500 ETF', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US4642872000', 'FUND_TICKER': 'IVV', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '507', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Vanguard 500 Index Fund;Admiral', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US9229087104', 'FUND_TICKER': 'VFIAX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '510', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund;Admiral', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US9229087286', 'FUND_TICKER': 'VTSAX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '3,370', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US78467Y1073', 'FUND_TICKER': 'MDY', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '400', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US78467X1090', 'FUND_TICKER': 'DIA', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '31', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Health Care Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US81369Y2090', 'FUND_TICKER': 'XLV', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '64', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US81369Y4070', 'FUND_TICKER': 'XLY', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '62', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US81369Y5069', 'FUND_TICKER': 'XLE', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '28', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US81369Y6059', 'FUND_TICKER': 'XLF', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '66', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Technology Select Sector SPDR Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US81369Y8030', 'FUND_TICKER': 'XLK', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '74', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Invesco QQQ Trust Series 1', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US46090E1038', 'FUND_TICKER': 'QQQ', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '104', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Dodge & Cox International Stock Fund', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US2562061034', 'FUND_TICKER': 'DODFX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '80', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'iShares MSCI EAFE ETF', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US4642874659', 'FUND_TICKER': 'EFA', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '897', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'JPMorgan 100% US Treasury Secs Mny Mkt Fd;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US4812A28358', 'FUND_TICKER': 'JTSXX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '41', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Invesco S&P 500 Eql Wght ETF', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US46137V3574', 'FUND_TICKER': 'RSP', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '507', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'JPMorgan 100% US Treasury Secs Mny Mkt Fd;Capital', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US4812A03757', 'FUND_TICKER': 'CJTXX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '41', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Invesco Developing Markets Fund;Y', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US00143W8753', 'FUND_TICKER': 'ODVYX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '72', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '3'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'SPDR S&P Dividend ETF', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US78464A7634', 'FUND_TICKER': 'SDY', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '118', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'DFA International Core Equity Portfolio;Inst', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US2332033719', 'FUND_TICKER': 'DFIEX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '4,888', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Edgewood Growth Fund;Institutional', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US0075W07594', 'FUND_TICKER': 'EGFIX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '23', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '1'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'Advanced Series Prudential Growth Allocation Port', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US00767H7585', 'FUND_TICKER': '', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': 'T', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '2,400', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '3'}\n",
      "{'FUND_NAME': 'MFS Value Fund;R6', 'FUND_ISIN': 'US55273H3536', 'FUND_TICKER': 'MEIKX', 'AS_OF_DATE': '20210103', 'FUND_IN_UNIVERSE': 'T', 'FUND_OF_FUNDS': '', 'FUND_HOLDINGS_COUNT': '76', 'FUND_HOLDING_FUNDS_COUNT': '0'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rdr = csv.DictReader(f, delimiter=';')\n",
    "for elem in rdr:\n",
    "    print(elem)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
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   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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