{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "af63b5be",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 2023-03-13"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "67f3ce4a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "fuenf\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1,2,3,4, 'fuenf']\n",
    "for element in l:\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "521d3dc9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 'fuenf']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "e552d00f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'list'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(l))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "07bc7023",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 42"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "77776072",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "42"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "8f80d0ad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(i))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "a68f6528",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hallo\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "exec('print(\"hallo\")')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "fd157afe",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Syntax"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5a24a4aa",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comment vs Docstring"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "fe61a0b0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# das ist ein kommentar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "5ba67e4a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 42 # das ist auch ein kommentar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "58c93e04",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "42"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "7513129a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# das ist die funktion foo, die hoechst komplex ist und \n",
    "# die parameter a und b nimmt, die idealerweise integers  sein sollten\n",
    "def foo(a, b):\n",
    "    return a+b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "11c18c06",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def foo(a, b):\n",
    "    'das ist die funktion foo, die hoechst komplex ist und die parameter a und b nimmt, die idealerweise integers  sein sollten'\n",
    "    return a+b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "74c8c907",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'das ist die funktion foo, die hoechst komplex ist und die parameter a und b nimmt, die idealerweise integers  sein sollten'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "foo.__doc__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "e5a18139",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Help on function foo in module __main__:\n",
      "\n",
      "foo(a, b)\n",
      "    das ist die funktion foo, die hoechst komplex ist und die parameter a und b nimmt, die idealerweise integers  sein sollten\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "help(foo)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "24995482",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "foo(1, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "bc3c661e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "add = foo"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "ca1df00e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "add(2, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "14d875af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "add = [1,2,3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "8fdcd3e0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'list' object is not callable <class 'TypeError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    add(2,3)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "aceb3210",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Tuple Unpacking"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "86d71faa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 'zwei', 3.0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "8daf7620",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a, b, c = l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "080d1479",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "1b1fc75c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'zwei'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "3b095e2c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "167c3ab8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a, *rest = l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "73442da2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "58bd04dd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['zwei', 3.0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rest"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "d14f0b8a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "too many values to unpack (expected 2) <class 'ValueError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    a, b = l\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "0703bca4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1, 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "105d6d4c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 'zwei')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "bd37a9bd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tmp = a\n",
    "a = b\n",
    "b = tmp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "9459d1f3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('zwei', 1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "4447d50e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a, b = b, a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4f2932d6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Mutable? Immutable?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "2feff260",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 42"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "f2d0aed2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480285361680"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "520a4621",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b = a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "b0b918e8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480285361680"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "9aa20939",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "e859af5d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "42"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "b004ade9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "43"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "144a5868",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Integers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "3fcfb80d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 2**64 - 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "a74d53fc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "18446744073709551615"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "290cd8cd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'0xffffffffffffffff'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hex(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "fe373ad0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "5a84a029",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "18446744073709551616"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "91c332a6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'0x10000000000000000'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hex(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "id": "8dbed731",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "11d4383a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 2**100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "id": "2f1af2c9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1267650600228229401496703205376"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "id": "3bd3fe3b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "19950631168807583848837421626835850838234968318861924548520089498529438830221946631919961684036194597899331129423209124271556491349413781117593785932096323957855730046793794526765246551266059895520550086918193311542508608460618104685509074866089624888090489894838009253941633257850621568309473902556912388065225096643874441046759871626985453222868538161694315775629640762836880760732228535091641476183956381458969463899410840960536267821064621427333394036525565649530603142680234969400335934316651459297773279665775606172582031407994198179607378245683762280037302885487251900834464581454650557929601414833921615734588139257095379769119277800826957735674444123062018757836325502728323789270710373802866393031428133241401624195671690574061419654342324638801248856147305207431992259611796250130992860241708340807605932320161268492288496255841312844061536738951487114256315111089745514203313820202931640957596464756010405845841566072044962867016515061920631004186422275908670900574606417856951911456055068251250406007519842261898059237118054444788072906395242548339221982707404473162376760846613033778706039803413197133493654622700563169937455508241780972810983291314403571877524768509857276937926433221599399876886660808368837838027643282775172273657572744784112294389733810861607423253291974813120197604178281965697475898164531258434135959862784130128185406283476649088690521047580882615823961985770122407044330583075869039319604603404973156583208672105913300903752823415539745394397715257455290510212310947321610753474825740775273986348298498340756937955646638621874569499279016572103701364433135817214311791398222983845847334440270964182851005072927748364550578634501100852987812389473928699540834346158807043959118985815145779177143619698728131459483783202081474982171858011389071228250905826817436220577475921417653715687725614904582904992461028630081535583308130101987675856234343538955409175623400844887526162643568648833519463720377293240094456246923254350400678027273837755376406726898636241037491410966718557050759098100246789880178271925953381282421954028302759408448955014676668389697996886241636313376393903373455801407636741877711055384225739499110186468219696581651485130494222369947714763069155468217682876200362777257723781365331611196811280792669481887201298643660768551639860534602297871557517947385246369446923087894265948217008051120322365496288169035739121368338393591756418733850510970271613915439590991598154654417336311656936031122249937969999226781732358023111862644575299135758175008199839236284615249881088960232244362173771618086357015468484058622329792853875623486556440536962622018963571028812361567512543338303270029097668650568557157505516727518899194129711337690149916181315171544007728650573189557450920330185304847113818315407324053319038462084036421763703911550639789000742853672196280903477974533320468368795868580237952218629120080742819551317948157624448298518461509704888027274721574688131594750409732115080498190455803416826949787141316063210686391511681774304792596709376"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**10000"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "b915d82c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "id": "33890d7a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3//2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "1989f3f3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10%2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "15cdfd96",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "1827a1f4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = list()\n",
    "l = []\n",
    "l = [1,2,3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "id": "c7aaacb7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "id": "447a9630",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638276224"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "id": "a5712dcf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638276224"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l.append('vier')\n",
    "id(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "id": "80d7eb3b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.extend([5, 'sechs'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "id": "4a5a38cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5, 'sechs']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "id": "c77a3bda",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.append([7, 'acht'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "id": "fae6c846",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5, 'sechs', [7, 'acht']]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "id": "454dbfbf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.append(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "id": "e975b80d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5, 'sechs', [7, 'acht'], [...]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "id": "3be6870f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "id": "1bc1e509",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l[1] = 'zwei'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "id": "4296c1ad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 'zwei', 3, 'vier', 5, 'sechs', [7, 'acht'], [...]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 66,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "id": "4776d8f3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'zwei' in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "id": "952ee30a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "yay\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 'zwei' in l:\n",
    "    print('yay')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "478505a4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "id": "e7e7fa73",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = (1,2,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "id": "85cf36db",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tuple"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "id": "9edadc3b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480203220736"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "id": "e2bbc067",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "id": "309bcea2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'tuple' object does not support item assignment <class 'TypeError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    t[1] = 'zwei'\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "id": "52812012",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'tuple' object has no attribute 'append' <class 'AttributeError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    t.append('vier')\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "id": "c8f51a2d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t += (1,2,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "id": "8cbefe30",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480210406176"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "cbbc048c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dictionary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "id": "bb54d8e3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = { 'one': 1, 'two': 2 }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "id": "9bcfa07f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "id": "4727fb76",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d['one']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "id": "883ada93",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d['drei'] = 'three'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "id": "78e11b8f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'three'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 81,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d['drei']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "id": "85caf82e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d[4] = 'vier'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "id": "42e3f988",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hash(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "id": "561107fa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-7940943354778932823"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 84,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hash('drei')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "id": "a2c852ad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "unhashable type: 'list' <class 'TypeError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    d[[1,2,3]] = True\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "id": "16c27367",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'drei': 'three', 4: 'vier'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 86,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "id": "cb35285f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 87,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "id": "373ebeec",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 88,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'two' in d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "id": "b78bbd2f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del d['two']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "id": "14afdbb2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 90,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'two' in d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5952c2af",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Search by value?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "id": "8f2b52fd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "one\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k, v in d.items():\n",
    "    if v == 1:\n",
    "        print(k)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e0cfd10f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Exercises"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "id": "063d764e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "id": "99b28f00",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.append(True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "id": "29c6110e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[True]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 94,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "id": "d6afada6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = '99'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "id": "99727df6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = int(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "id": "d1acbfb2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "99"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8043a0ed",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## DataType Conversiosn"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "id": "6d7fb555",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = '123'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "id": "fe09de41",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = int(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "id": "336cf134",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(i))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "id": "0cba3386",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "123"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "id": "f01c77fd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = 'abc'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "id": "fcdb3803",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc' <class 'ValueError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    int(s)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "id": "a5a541b2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2748"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 104,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int(s, 16)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 105,
   "id": "d82b9add",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "123"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 105,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "id": "d05e6af5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = str(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "id": "3167d2d0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(s))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 108,
   "id": "fa353f2f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'list'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1,2,3, 'vier']\n",
    "print(type(l))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "id": "b8985538",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'123'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 109,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "id": "4ca9c30e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'2'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 110,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "id": "0ee66956",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 111,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 112,
   "id": "f74ddf30",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['a', 'b', 'c']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 112,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list('abc')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 113,
   "id": "673f0672",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'int' object is not iterable <class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    list(666)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(s))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 114,
   "id": "db780192",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['abc']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 114,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = list()\n",
    "l.append('abc')\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 115,
   "id": "3f749a68",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['abc']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 115,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(['abc'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "id": "0fb12951",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['abc']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 116,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "['abc']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 117,
   "id": "719fc73b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = list(range(3))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 118,
   "id": "a3abdd27",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 2]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 118,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 119,
   "id": "1d1884f8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in l:\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 120,
   "id": "4e75f30e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 120,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "id": "86c2c575",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 121,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "id": "00bc19ac",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 122,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "99670ed8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## ``if``"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 123,
   "id": "8a1b6497",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 124,
   "id": "4bba2cad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "yay\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if i == 2:\n",
    "    print('yay')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 125,
   "id": "eba15162",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if i == 3:\n",
    "    print('yay')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "93d11133",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## ``while``"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "eb887b39",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "sum of numbers 1..100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 128,
   "id": "93d812a3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5050"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 128,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "summe = 0\n",
    "number = 1\n",
    "while number <= 100:\n",
    "    summe += number\n",
    "    number += 1\n",
    "summe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 129,
   "id": "804a8c86",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5050"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 129,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sum(range(1, 101))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 130,
   "id": "9f5ad577",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 42\n",
    "while i != 42:\n",
    "    print('noch immer keine antwort')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 133,
   "id": "8640440c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import random"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 144,
   "id": "16b2587b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "mist: 4\n",
      "hooray!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "while True:\n",
    "    eyes = random.randrange(1, 7)\n",
    "    if eyes == 6:\n",
    "        print('hooray!')\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('mist:', eyes)    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 165,
   "id": "be76f33d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "versager!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n_tries = 0\n",
    "while n_tries < 6:\n",
    "    eyes = random.randrange(1, 7)\n",
    "    if eyes == 6:\n",
    "        print('hooray!')\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    n_tries += 1\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('versager!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0c3fb6c0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## ``range()``"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 167,
   "id": "9b37bb2a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in range(5):\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 173,
   "id": "de45916b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in [0,1,2,3,4]:\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 179,
   "id": "65d0d60e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "r = range(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 180,
   "id": "e50e800d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range(0, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 180,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 181,
   "id": "e84c6102",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "it = iter(r)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 183,
   "id": "ca86d2ed",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<range_iterator at 0x7fc4189e7c90>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 183,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "it"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 184,
   "id": "edf98193",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 184,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "next(it)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 185,
   "id": "f923f814",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 185,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "next(it)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 186,
   "id": "18c4c3ec",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 186,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "next(it)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 187,
   "id": "630e8db6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 187,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "next(it)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 188,
   "id": "1f48b994",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 188,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "next(it)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 190,
   "id": "c5f98d63",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " <class 'StopIteration'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    next(it)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a48b042e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## ``datetime``"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 217,
   "id": "91728d38",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import datetime"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 192,
   "id": "57a89a12",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "start = datetime.datetime(year=2023, month=3, day=13, hour=9)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 194,
   "id": "124bc49d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "datetime.datetime(2023, 3, 13, 9, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 194,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "start"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 196,
   "id": "9cec9dce",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "step = datetime.timedelta(hours=8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 198,
   "id": "39772e2a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "datetime.timedelta(seconds=28800)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 198,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "step"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 199,
   "id": "3cc13d81",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "start += step"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 201,
   "id": "063bb5b0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "datetime.datetime(2023, 3, 13, 17, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 201,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "start"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 202,
   "id": "3f1967d3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "start += datetime.timedelta(days=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 204,
   "id": "4cad411e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "datetime.datetime(2023, 3, 14, 17, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 204,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "start"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 210,
   "id": "4c800eff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "datetime.datetime(2023, 3, 14, 10, 6, 17, 237988)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 210,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "datetime.datetime.now()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 215,
   "id": "1e45a04e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def produce_days(start):\n",
    "    next = start\n",
    "    while True:\n",
    "        yield next\n",
    "        next += datetime.timedelta(days=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 216,
   "id": "c8e01a62",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2023-03-14 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-15 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-16 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-17 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-18 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-19 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-20 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-21 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-22 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-23 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-24 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-25 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-26 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-27 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-28 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-29 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-30 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-03-31 10:11:25.374557\n",
      "2023-04-01 10:11:25.374557\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for day in produce_days(start=datetime.datetime.now()):\n",
    "    print(day)\n",
    "    if day > datetime.datetime(year=2023, month=4, day=1):\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 218,
   "id": "7b599237",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [666, 42]\n",
    "i = 42"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 220,
   "id": "9d735363",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 220,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i != l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 221,
   "id": "3f97d9a2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 221,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 223,
   "id": "100c07d7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 223,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i not in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 224,
   "id": "fd533f28",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 224,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "not i in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 225,
   "id": "016120cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 225,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "6 % 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 226,
   "id": "42348c35",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 226,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "6 % 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 227,
   "id": "6a40107d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 227,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "7 % 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 228,
   "id": "f782b416",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 228,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "7 % 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 229,
   "id": "facdc6b3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 229,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "7 % 4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 230,
   "id": "3aca1b59",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 230,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "7 % 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 231,
   "id": "db9ff6cb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 231,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "7 % 6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d74f09a8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Comprehensions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 233,
   "id": "f065da08",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [3, 4, 1, 6]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 235,
   "id": "85044688",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[6, 8, 2, 12]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 235,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l_mal_2 = []\n",
    "for element in l:\n",
    "    l_mal_2.append(element*2)\n",
    "l_mal_2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 238,
   "id": "e4c50aff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[6, 8, 2, 12]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 238,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[element*2 for element in l]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 239,
   "id": "7429a391",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[8, 12]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 239,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[element*2 for element in l if element%2==0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3a5451c8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## References, (Im)mutability"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 248,
   "id": "8eea05b4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 42"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 249,
   "id": "c99aab46",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480285361680"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 249,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 250,
   "id": "8aace4a4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b = a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 251,
   "id": "47950868",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480285361680"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 251,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 252,
   "id": "9635b8b9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 253,
   "id": "6c50cba0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480285361712"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 253,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 254,
   "id": "b5016cf4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "42"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 254,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 255,
   "id": "1e6ac9c9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480285361680"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 255,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 256,
   "id": "3e23f93d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638477760"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 256,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1 = [42, 'xy', 13]\n",
    "id(l1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 257,
   "id": "c4862379",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l2 = l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 258,
   "id": "8d39e01b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638477760"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 258,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 259,
   "id": "edb2197a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[42, 'xy', 13, 666]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 259,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1.append(666)\n",
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 260,
   "id": "661ef644",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638477760"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 260,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 261,
   "id": "1a836bc9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638477760"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 261,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 262,
   "id": "c04256cd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[42, 'xy', 13, 666]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 262,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 263,
   "id": "f9e90869",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l3 = l1[:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 264,
   "id": "9244fc2c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[42, 'xy', 13, 666]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 264,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 265,
   "id": "c95cc13f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[42, 'xy', 13, 666]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 265,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 267,
   "id": "9bd3d5ca",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638477760"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 267,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 268,
   "id": "92847d26",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638427520"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 268,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 269,
   "id": "07669cad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[42, 'xy', 13, 666, 'nochwas']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 269,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l3.append('nochwas')\n",
    "l3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 270,
   "id": "ba5b5213",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[42, 'xy', 13, 666]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 270,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "be7f7fc2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Nested lists?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 271,
   "id": "d06d8ddb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 271,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l4 = [1, [2,3,4], 5]\n",
    "len(l4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 272,
   "id": "54655971",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l5 = l4[:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 273,
   "id": "ca9a13d7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480202528192"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 273,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 274,
   "id": "a0f8cd22",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479638428736"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 274,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 275,
   "id": "15edf9d0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l4[1].append(666)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 276,
   "id": "7c1485da",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, [2, 3, 4, 666], 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 276,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 278,
   "id": "cfeed00d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480203212992"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 278,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l4[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 279,
   "id": "f0e26361",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140480203212992"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 279,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(l5[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 280,
   "id": "87ae8cea",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import copy"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 281,
   "id": "67a4c4e7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l6 = copy.deepcopy(l5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 282,
   "id": "e329e951",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, [2, 3, 4, 666], 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 282,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f8edf179",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 296,
   "id": "ca033ad8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def maximum(a, b):\n",
    "    'extremely complex function'\n",
    "    if a < b:\n",
    "        return b\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 285,
   "id": "121c02d1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 285,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum(1, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 287,
   "id": "80f0b381",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 287,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum(1.5, 2.5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 288,
   "id": "5a4033a2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'def'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 288,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum('abc', 'def')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 289,
   "id": "545d1cc9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 289,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum([1,2], [3,4])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 290,
   "id": "a7a29ebd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 290,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum([1,2], [1,4])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 292,
   "id": "8cd6b6be",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int' <class 'TypeError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    maximum('abc', 666)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 293,
   "id": "e1b5f059",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 293,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True < False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 295,
   "id": "22b18e3f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'function'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(maximum))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 298,
   "id": "03d88045",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'extremely complex function'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 298,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "maximum.__doc__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 299,
   "id": "38f3032e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = maximum"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 301,
   "id": "2a575bfd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 301,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a(1,2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 302,
   "id": "f5816a5c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479598069936"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 302,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 303,
   "id": "16dc130d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "140479598069936"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 303,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(maximum)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "04194124",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Classes?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 313,
   "id": "bf94c4e3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Person:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, firstname, lastname, age):\n",
    "        self.firstname = firstname\n",
    "        self.lastname = lastname\n",
    "        self.age = age\n",
    "    def fullname(self):\n",
    "        return self.firstname + ' ' + self.lastname"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 312,
   "id": "99215081",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "joerg = Person('Joerg', 'Faschingbauer', 56)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 309,
   "id": "91958a94",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "__main__.Person"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 309,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(joerg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 314,
   "id": "90a83541",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Joerg Faschingbauer'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 314,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "joerg.fullname()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 317,
   "id": "421f846c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def is_old(p):\n",
    "    if p.age > 50:\n",
    "        return True\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 318,
   "id": "1cb59901",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 318,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "is_old(joerg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 320,
   "id": "6ad15f89",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "Person.old = is_old"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 321,
   "id": "f7ea3fb6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "joerg = Person('Joerg', 'Faschingbauer', 56)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 322,
   "id": "ba30bd61",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 322,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "joerg.old()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 325,
   "id": "e9ddc269",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = {'one': 1, 'two': 2}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 327,
   "id": "e9a0979d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 327,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d['one']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 328,
   "id": "c2bc4935",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "KeyError",
     "evalue": "'three'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_370861/4290492544.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0md\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'three'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'three'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d['three']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "53494b88",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 329,
   "id": "e280790e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = 'abc'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 330,
   "id": "52098750",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = \"abc\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 332,
   "id": "5b01e32e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"abc'def\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 332,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'abc\\'def'\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 333,
   "id": "f9d80fad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"abc'def\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 333,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = \"abc'def\"\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 334,
   "id": "f82820af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = 'C:\\some\\name'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 335,
   "id": "c253e30d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\some\n",
      "ame\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 337,
   "id": "5bb8ec89",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\some\\name\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = r'C:\\some\\name'\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 338,
   "id": "d27db9e9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 338,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '12345'\n",
    "s.isdigit()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 340,
   "id": "dd00b9ee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 340,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'abc123'\n",
    "s.isdigit()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 341,
   "id": "a4fc5189",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'                       abc                        '"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 341,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'abc'.center(50)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 342,
   "id": "a48b1fbf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 342,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'Mississippi'\n",
    "s.count('ss')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 343,
   "id": "6b2bdc5b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 343,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s.count('pp')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 344,
   "id": "7c8e289e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 344,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'file.csv'.endswith('.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 345,
   "id": "f8a6ce2d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 345,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'boot'.endswith('t')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 347,
   "id": "dae087c0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 347,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'boot'.count('oo') > 0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 350,
   "id": "fbf46d2a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 350,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'boot'.find('oo') >= 0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 352,
   "id": "8fea8545",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 352,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'oo' in 'boot'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 353,
   "id": "8e59b4b7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 353,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'boot'.find('oo')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 355,
   "id": "1a1435cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 355,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'boot'.find('xxx')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 357,
   "id": "325ff574",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "substring not found <class 'ValueError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    'boot'.index('xxx')\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 358,
   "id": "40ccf081",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = 'Bezahlung Karte   blah |BILLA DANKT blah blah     |BILL blah'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 362,
   "id": "b628bad3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fields = s.split('|')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 363,
   "id": "ee59c9be",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Bezahlung Karte   blah ', 'BILLA DANKT blah blah     ', 'BILL blah']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 363,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fields"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 431,
   "id": "b9b5b714",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Bezahlung Karte   blah ;BILLA DANKT blah blah     ;BILL blah'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 431,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "';'.join(fields)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 432,
   "id": "dc09486e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'xxx'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 432,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '    \\t\\n   xxx \\n\\n\\n\\t    '\n",
    "s.strip()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "51fa1efa",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 369,
   "id": "b991d0b4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [1,2,'drei']\n",
    "l.append(666)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 366,
   "id": "53f72f2f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 'drei', 666]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 366,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 370,
   "id": "6c593f79",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 'drei', 666, 'noch', 'was']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 370,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l.extend(['noch', 'was'])\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 371,
   "id": "7173f6ff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 'drei', 666, 'noch', 'was', 'a', 'b', 'c']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 371,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l.extend('abc')\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 372,
   "id": "ececf6d4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 372,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l.pop(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 373,
   "id": "5d4289eb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 'drei', 'noch', 'was', 'a', 'b', 'c']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 373,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 375,
   "id": "076ed8aa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int' <class 'TypeError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    l.sort()\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 376,
   "id": "a504c086",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l.reverse()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 377,
   "id": "20061fe0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['c', 'b', 'a', 'was', 'noch', 'drei', 2, 1]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 377,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 378,
   "id": "b5e27ef8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<list_reverseiterator at 0x7fc4189e5030>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 378,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "reversed(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 379,
   "id": "a53d5439",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4, 9, 49, 10000]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 379,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1,2,3,7,100]\n",
    "[elem**2 for elem in l]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 380,
   "id": "58e394c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[4, 10000]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 380,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[elem**2 for elem in l if elem%2==0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c9e07114",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dictionaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 381,
   "id": "a3fd109e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = {}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 382,
   "id": "8bd97db3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d['one'] = 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 383,
   "id": "e53c1838",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 383,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 384,
   "id": "b58a750a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d['one'] = 1.1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 385,
   "id": "c785a799",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1.1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 385,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 386,
   "id": "2916978a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 386,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d['one']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 388,
   "id": "c454ea0e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'two' <class 'KeyError'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    d['two']\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(e, type(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 391,
   "id": "ded82003",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "nicht drin\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if d.get('two') is None:\n",
    "    print('nicht drin')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('yay')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 392,
   "id": "809b3fe0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 392,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "v = d.get('two', 2)\n",
    "v"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 393,
   "id": "38b94393",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1.1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 393,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 394,
   "id": "e9f9f053",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 394,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "v = d.setdefault('two', 2)\n",
    "v"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 395,
   "id": "80b09ee9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1.1, 'two': 2}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 395,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 396,
   "id": "c962b43e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1.1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 396,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "del d['two']\n",
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 401,
   "id": "23edb941",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d.update({'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'one': 1})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 402,
   "id": "5706c380",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 402,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 404,
   "id": "6eb70e3b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "one\n",
      "two\n",
      "three\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for elem in d:\n",
    "    print(elem)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 406,
   "id": "61663ee9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "one\n",
      "two\n",
      "three\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k in d.keys():\n",
    "    print(k)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 407,
   "id": "cec1e5f1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for v in d.values():\n",
    "    print(v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 408,
   "id": "8f0935af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('one', 1)\n",
      "('two', 2)\n",
      "('three', 3)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for elem in d.items():\n",
    "    print(elem)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 409,
   "id": "123abf54",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "key: one , value: 1\n",
      "key: two , value: 2\n",
      "key: three , value: 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for elem in d.items():    # manual tuple unpacking\n",
    "    k = elem[0]\n",
    "    v = elem[1]\n",
    "    print('key:', k, ', value:', v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 410,
   "id": "2ef4532b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "key: one , value: 1\n",
      "key: two , value: 2\n",
      "key: three , value: 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for elem in d.items():    # semi-manual tuple unpacking\n",
    "    k, v = elem\n",
    "    print('key:', k, ', value:', v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 411,
   "id": "f5f9ba10",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "key: one , value: 1\n",
      "key: two , value: 2\n",
      "key: three , value: 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k, v in d.items():\n",
    "    print('key:', k, ', value:', v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 413,
   "id": "435cc1d7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 413,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'one' in d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 414,
   "id": "d3b60b23",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 414,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 416,
   "id": "c9ba3b23",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [('one', 1), ('two', 2)]\n",
    "d = dict(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 417,
   "id": "38e9b4a6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'one': 1, 'two': 2}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 417,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8fc909a7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 418,
   "id": "b313f2c3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s1 = {1,2,3}\n",
    "s2 = {1,2,3,4}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 419,
   "id": "2ba992e7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 419,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1.isdisjoint(s2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 420,
   "id": "a731ebb2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 420,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 < s2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 421,
   "id": "2e04c5ee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 421,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s3 = {0,1,2,3}\n",
    "s3 < s2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 423,
   "id": "5fe30692",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 423,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s3 | s2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a70ec9a6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## File IO"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 424,
   "id": "abbb86f0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<_io.TextIOWrapper name='/etc/passwd' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 424,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = open('/etc/passwd')\n",
    "f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 425,
   "id": "879a730b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\\nbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\\ndaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin\\nadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin\\nlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin\\nsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync\\nshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown\\nhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt\\nmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin\\noperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin\\ngames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin\\nftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin\\nnobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin\\ndbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin\\napache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin\\ntss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-oom:x:999:999:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nqemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin\\npolkitd:x:998:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin\\navahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin\\nunbound:x:997:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin\\nnm-openconnect:x:996:994:NetworkManager user for OpenConnect:/:/sbin/nologin\\ngeoclue:x:995:993:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin\\nusbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin\\ngluster:x:994:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin\\nrtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin\\nchrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin\\nsaslauth:x:992:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin\\ndnsmasq:x:991:989:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin\\nrpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin\\ncolord:x:990:988:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin\\nrpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin\\nopenvpn:x:989:987:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin\\nnm-openvpn:x:988:986:Default user for running openvpn spawned by NetworkManager:/:/sbin/nologin\\npipewire:x:987:985:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin\\nabrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin\\nflatpak:x:986:983:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin\\ngdm:x:42:42:GNOME Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin\\ngnome-initial-setup:x:985:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin\\nvboxadd:x:984:1::/var/run/vboxadd:/sbin/nologin\\nsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin\\ntcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin\\njfasch:x:1000:1000:Joerg Faschingbauer:/home/jfasch:/bin/bash\\nsystemd-coredump:x:978:978:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-timesync:x:977:977:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nmosquitto:x:976:976:Mosquitto Broker:/etc/mosquitto:/sbin/nologin\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 425,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f.read()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "60998ae4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 427,
   "id": "a08166a4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<_io.TextIOWrapper name='/etc/passwd' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 427,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = open('/etc/passwd')\n",
    "f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 428,
   "id": "db2043b8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\\n',\n",
       " 'bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync\\n',\n",
       " 'shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown\\n',\n",
       " 'halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt\\n',\n",
       " 'mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'systemd-oom:x:999:999:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'polkitd:x:998:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'unbound:x:997:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'nm-openconnect:x:996:994:NetworkManager user for OpenConnect:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'geoclue:x:995:993:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'gluster:x:994:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'saslauth:x:992:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'dnsmasq:x:991:989:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'colord:x:990:988:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'openvpn:x:989:987:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'nm-openvpn:x:988:986:Default user for running openvpn spawned by NetworkManager:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'pipewire:x:987:985:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'flatpak:x:986:983:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'gdm:x:42:42:GNOME Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'gnome-initial-setup:x:985:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'vboxadd:x:984:1::/var/run/vboxadd:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'jfasch:x:1000:1000:Joerg Faschingbauer:/home/jfasch:/bin/bash\\n',\n",
       " 'systemd-coredump:x:978:978:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'systemd-timesync:x:977:977:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\n',\n",
       " 'mosquitto:x:976:976:Mosquitto Broker:/etc/mosquitto:/sbin/nologin\\n']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 428,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f.readlines()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 429,
   "id": "f952fced",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<_io.TextIOWrapper name='/etc/passwd' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 429,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = open('/etc/passwd')\n",
    "f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 430,
   "id": "84447a4a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n",
      "\n",
      "bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync\n",
      "\n",
      "shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown\n",
      "\n",
      "halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt\n",
      "\n",
      "mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-oom:x:999:999:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "polkitd:x:998:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "unbound:x:997:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "nm-openconnect:x:996:994:NetworkManager user for OpenConnect:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "geoclue:x:995:993:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "gluster:x:994:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "saslauth:x:992:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "dnsmasq:x:991:989:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "colord:x:990:988:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "openvpn:x:989:987:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "nm-openvpn:x:988:986:Default user for running openvpn spawned by NetworkManager:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "pipewire:x:987:985:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "flatpak:x:986:983:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "gdm:x:42:42:GNOME Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "gnome-initial-setup:x:985:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "vboxadd:x:984:1::/var/run/vboxadd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "jfasch:x:1000:1000:Joerg Faschingbauer:/home/jfasch:/bin/bash\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-coredump:x:978:978:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "systemd-timesync:x:977:977:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n",
      "mosquitto:x:976:976:Mosquitto Broker:/etc/mosquitto:/sbin/nologin\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for line in f:\n",
    "    print(line)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "414047a4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## String, File IO Exercise"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 433,
   "id": "efb4d632",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "line = ''"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 434,
   "id": "8819154a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "die ist leer\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if len(line) == 0:\n",
    "    print('die ist leer')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 436,
   "id": "49bb3379",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 436,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line = '    \\t  '\n",
    "len(line)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 437,
   "id": "5ad8ecad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "''"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 437,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line.strip()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 439,
   "id": "b4b3e24c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'xxx'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 439,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line = '   xxx      '\n",
    "line.strip()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 440,
   "id": "d838cb0f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'# comment'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 440,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line = '    # comment'\n",
    "line.strip()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 441,
   "id": "424dda7e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'# comment'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 441,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eine_variable = line.strip()\n",
    "eine_variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 442,
   "id": "4439aaa5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 442,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eine_variable.startswith('#')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 446,
   "id": "ff7d4242",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'xy'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 446,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line = '  x   y  '\n",
    "line.replace(' ', '')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 447,
   "id": "3d3f847e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 447,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line = '    #  '\n",
    "'#' in line"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 448,
   "id": "64e93b88",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [2,3,4,1,8,666]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 450,
   "id": "a4870b99",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "n = len(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 452,
   "id": "e29e73f7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 452,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 454,
   "id": "617a6cac",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 454,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 in l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 456,
   "id": "1178e02c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 456,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1000 in l     # O(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 461,
   "id": "662a0520",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = {2,3,4,1,8,666}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 458,
   "id": "26f4eb9c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 458,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 in s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 460,
   "id": "102e6acd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 460,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1000 in s     # O(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 462,
   "id": "302c0f73",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "line = 'xxx yyy'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 464,
   "id": "ca8b2ef6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 464,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(line.split(' '))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 465,
   "id": "b9b70ccd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "line = 'xxx  yyy'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 466,
   "id": "a2e9b03a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['xxx', '', 'yyy']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 466,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line.split(' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 467,
   "id": "c3e94839",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['xxx', 'yyy']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 467,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "line.split()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "996e17b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Pandas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 468,
   "id": "173980a8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "persons = {\n",
    "    'firstname': ['Joerg',                  'Johanna',        'Caro',              'Philipp'          ],\n",
    "    'lastname':  ['Faschingbauer',          'Faschingbauer',  'Faschingbauer',     'Lichtenberger'    ],\n",
    "    'email':     ['jf@faschingbauer.co.at', 'caro@email.com', 'johanna@email.com', 'philipp@email.com'],\n",
    "    'age':       [56,                       27,               25,                  37                 ],\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 469,
   "id": "3443e45b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'firstname': ['Joerg', 'Johanna', 'Caro', 'Philipp'],\n",
       " 'lastname': ['Faschingbauer',\n",
       "  'Faschingbauer',\n",
       "  'Faschingbauer',\n",
       "  'Lichtenberger'],\n",
       " 'email': ['jf@faschingbauer.co.at',\n",
       "  'caro@email.com',\n",
       "  'johanna@email.com',\n",
       "  'philipp@email.com'],\n",
       " 'age': [56, 27, 25, 37]}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 469,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 470,
   "id": "b6b40e10",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 471,
   "id": "b221be4b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = pd.DataFrame(persons)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 472,
   "id": "96c4f3cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Joerg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>jf@faschingbauer.co.at</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Johanna</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>caro@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>johanna@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>philipp@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  firstname       lastname                   email  age\n",
       "0     Joerg  Faschingbauer  jf@faschingbauer.co.at   56\n",
       "1   Johanna  Faschingbauer          caro@email.com   27\n",
       "2      Caro  Faschingbauer       johanna@email.com   25\n",
       "3   Philipp  Lichtenberger       philipp@email.com   37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 472,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 475,
   "id": "52dc3a1c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0      Joerg\n",
       "1    Johanna\n",
       "2       Caro\n",
       "3    Philipp\n",
       "Name: firstname, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 475,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data['firstname']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 476,
   "id": "5e20c32f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "pandas.core.series.Series"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 476,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(data['firstname'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 474,
   "id": "0a44a68f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Joerg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Johanna</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  firstname       lastname\n",
       "0     Joerg  Faschingbauer\n",
       "1   Johanna  Faschingbauer\n",
       "2      Caro  Faschingbauer\n",
       "3   Philipp  Lichtenberger"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 474,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[['firstname', 'lastname']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 477,
   "id": "374c4213",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "persons = data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 479,
   "id": "57f944d4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "firstname           Johanna\n",
       "lastname      Faschingbauer\n",
       "email        caro@email.com\n",
       "age                      27\n",
       "Name: 1, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 479,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.iloc[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 480,
   "id": "697d832d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'caro@email.com'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 480,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.iloc[1, 2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 481,
   "id": "3c4fa136",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['firstname', 'lastname', 'email', 'age'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 481,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 482,
   "id": "a632637b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['firstname', 'lastname', 'email', 'age']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 482,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(persons.columns)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 483,
   "id": "51ebd5ae",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "persons2 = persons.set_index('email')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 486,
   "id": "ea0af459",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "persons2.sort_values('firstname', inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 487,
   "id": "e04ef04e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>johanna@email.com</th>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jf@faschingbauer.co.at</th>\n",
       "      <td>Joerg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>caro@email.com</th>\n",
       "      <td>Johanna</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>philipp@email.com</th>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                       firstname       lastname  age\n",
       "email                                               \n",
       "johanna@email.com           Caro  Faschingbauer   25\n",
       "jf@faschingbauer.co.at     Joerg  Faschingbauer   56\n",
       "caro@email.com           Johanna  Faschingbauer   27\n",
       "philipp@email.com        Philipp  Lichtenberger   37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 487,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 488,
   "id": "f6335a19",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     True\n",
       "1     True\n",
       "2     True\n",
       "3    False\n",
       "Name: lastname, dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 488,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "flt = (persons['lastname'] == 'Faschingbauer')\n",
    "flt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 494,
   "id": "4f917b73",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 494,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "flt.count()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 497,
   "id": "1151d990",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "persons.set_index('email', inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 498,
   "id": "cb464a24",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "firstname            Joerg\n",
       "lastname     Faschingbauer\n",
       "age                     56\n",
       "Name: jf@faschingbauer.co.at, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 498,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.loc['jf@faschingbauer.co.at']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 504,
   "id": "414fe076",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Joerg'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 504,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.loc['jf@faschingbauer.co.at', 'firstname']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 502,
   "id": "4768b5c7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "email\n",
       "jf@faschingbauer.co.at     True\n",
       "caro@email.com             True\n",
       "johanna@email.com          True\n",
       "philipp@email.com         False\n",
       "Name: lastname, dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 502,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "flt = (persons['lastname'] == 'Faschingbauer')\n",
    "flt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 505,
   "id": "b8d99f37",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "email\n",
       "jf@faschingbauer.co.at      Joerg\n",
       "caro@email.com            Johanna\n",
       "johanna@email.com            Caro\n",
       "Name: firstname, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 505,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.loc[flt, 'firstname']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 506,
   "id": "13401599",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "email\n",
       "jf@faschingbauer.co.at    False\n",
       "caro@email.com            False\n",
       "johanna@email.com          True\n",
       "philipp@email.com          True\n",
       "Name: firstname, dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 506,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons['firstname'].isin(['Caro', 'Philipp'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 508,
   "id": "739e69d4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "email\n",
       "jf@faschingbauer.co.at    False\n",
       "caro@email.com            False\n",
       "johanna@email.com          True\n",
       "philipp@email.com          True\n",
       "Name: firstname, dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 508,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(persons['firstname'] == 'Caro') | (persons['firstname'] == 'Philipp')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 512,
   "id": "51f25644",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "persons.reset_index(inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 513,
   "id": "af064d58",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>jf@faschingbauer.co.at</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joerg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>caro@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>Johanna</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>johanna@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>philipp@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                    email firstname       lastname  age\n",
       "0  jf@faschingbauer.co.at     Joerg  Faschingbauer   56\n",
       "1          caro@email.com   Johanna  Faschingbauer   27\n",
       "2       johanna@email.com      Caro  Faschingbauer   25\n",
       "3       philipp@email.com   Philipp  Lichtenberger   37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 513,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 515,
   "id": "5702f9a7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    jf@faschingbauer.co.at\n",
       "1            caro@email.com\n",
       "2         johanna@email.com\n",
       "3         philipp@email.com\n",
       "Name: email, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 515,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons['email']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 516,
   "id": "9ec5397c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>johanna@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>philipp@email.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               email firstname       lastname  age\n",
       "2  johanna@email.com      Caro  Faschingbauer   25\n",
       "3  philipp@email.com   Philipp  Lichtenberger   37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 516,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.loc[persons['firstname'].isin(['Caro', 'Philipp'])]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 517,
   "id": "c84eb3f1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2    johanna@email.com\n",
       "3    philipp@email.com\n",
       "Name: email, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 517,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.loc[persons['firstname'].isin(['Caro', 'Philipp']), 'email']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 518,
   "id": "852caef4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2    JOHANNA@EMAIL.COM\n",
       "3    PHILIPP@EMAIL.COM\n",
       "Name: email, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 518,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.loc[persons['firstname'].isin(['Caro', 'Philipp']), 'email'].str.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 520,
   "id": "39f501f4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "persons['email'] = persons.loc[persons['firstname'].isin(['Caro', 'Philipp']), 'email'].str.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 521,
   "id": "83a19579",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joerg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Johanna</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>JOHANNA@EMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>PHILIPP@EMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               email firstname       lastname  age\n",
       "0                NaN     Joerg  Faschingbauer   56\n",
       "1                NaN   Johanna  Faschingbauer   27\n",
       "2  JOHANNA@EMAIL.COM      Caro  Faschingbauer   25\n",
       "3  PHILIPP@EMAIL.COM   Philipp  Lichtenberger   37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 521,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 524,
   "id": "e789b908",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>JOHANNA@EMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>PHILIPP@EMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               email firstname       lastname  age\n",
       "2  JOHANNA@EMAIL.COM      Caro  Faschingbauer   25\n",
       "3  PHILIPP@EMAIL.COM   Philipp  Lichtenberger   37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 524,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons.dropna()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 525,
   "id": "d729daf6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>firstname</th>\n",
       "      <th>lastname</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joerg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Johanna</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>JOHANNA@EMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "      <td>Caro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Faschingbauer</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>PHILIPP@EMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "      <td>Philipp</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lichtenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               email firstname       lastname  age\n",
       "0                NaN     Joerg  Faschingbauer   56\n",
       "1                NaN   Johanna  Faschingbauer   27\n",
       "2  JOHANNA@EMAIL.COM      Caro  Faschingbauer   25\n",
       "3  PHILIPP@EMAIL.COM   Philipp  Lichtenberger   37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 525,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 531,
   "id": "eedb0c1f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True     2\n",
       "False    2\n",
       "Name: firstname, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 531,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "persons['firstname'].str.startswith('J').value_counts()"
   ]
  }
 ],
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   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
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    "name": "ipython",
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