{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Python Basics (2023-12-18 - 2023-12-20)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"2\n",
"1\n",
"3\n",
"2\n",
"4\n",
"3\n",
"5\n",
"4\n",
"6\n",
"habe fertig\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for i in range(5):\n",
" print(i)\n",
" print(i+2)\n",
"print('habe fertig')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"was jetzt geschehen wird"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"j = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"42"
]
},
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"j"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"int"
]
},
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(j)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'NameError'> name 'a' is not defined\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" a\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"int"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(j)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"j = [1, 2, 3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"list"
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(j)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"j = 42.45"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"float"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(j)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"translation_table = {\n",
" 'one': 1,\n",
" 'two': 2,\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"translation_table['one']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10715086071862673209484250490600018105614048117055336074437503883703510511249361224931983788156958581275946729175531468251871452856923140435984577574698574803934567774824230985421074605062371141877954182153046474983581941267398767559165543946077062914571196477686542167660429831652624386837205668069376"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2**1000"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"nein\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if 1 == '1':\n",
" print('ja')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('nein')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def max(a, b):\n",
" '''\n",
" das ist eine hochkomplexe blah\n",
" blah\n",
" bla\n",
"\n",
" '''\n",
" return a + b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"max(1, 2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'\\n das ist eine hochkomplexe blah\\n blah\\n bla\\n\\n '"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"max.__doc__"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Help on function max in module __main__:\n",
"\n",
"max(a, b)\n",
" das ist eine hochkomplexe blah\n",
" blah\n",
" bla\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"help(max)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"function"
]
},
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(max)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"float"
]
},
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(j)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"j = max"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"function"
]
},
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(j)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"j(1, 2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import sys"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['/home/jfasch/venv/jfasch-home/lib64/python3.10/site-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py',\n",
" '-f',\n",
" '/home/jfasch/.local/share/jupyter/runtime/kernel-98f8b9be-ad8f-4023-81a2-d1dc67d0282c.json']"
]
},
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sys.argv"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'linux'"
]
},
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sys.platform"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['/home/jfasch/work/jfasch-home/trainings/log/detail/2023-12-18--Python-Basics',\n",
" '/usr/lib64/python310.zip',\n",
" '/usr/lib64/python3.10',\n",
" '/usr/lib64/python3.10/lib-dynload',\n",
" '',\n",
" '/home/jfasch/venv/jfasch-home/lib64/python3.10/site-packages',\n",
" '/home/jfasch/venv/jfasch-home/lib/python3.10/site-packages',\n",
" '/home/jfasch/venv/jfasch-home/lib64/python3.10/site-packages/IPython/extensions',\n",
" '/home/jfasch/.ipython']"
]
},
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sys.path"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"module"
]
},
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(sys)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sys = 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 30,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'AttributeError'> 'int' object has no attribute 'argv'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" sys.argv\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Variables"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"int"
]
},
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = 1.5"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"float"
]
},
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = ['blah', 1.5]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"list"
]
},
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 37,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a, b, c = 1, 'eins', 1.0"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 39,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'eins'"
]
},
"execution_count": 39,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 40,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 40,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"c"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a, b = 1, 2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 44,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"tmp = a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 45,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 46,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"b = tmp"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 49,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a, b = 1, 2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 50,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a, b = b, a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 52,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 52,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 53,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"(a, b) = (b, a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 54,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835152"
]
},
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'0x7f21cca24610'"
]
},
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"hex(id(a))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 57,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"b = a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 58,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835152"
]
},
"execution_count": 58,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(a) == id(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a is b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Datatypes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Integers"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = -42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 63,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = 2**64-1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 64,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'"
]
},
"execution_count": 64,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bin(i)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 65,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"66"
]
},
"execution_count": 65,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len(bin(i))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 66,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i += 1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 67,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"67"
]
},
"execution_count": 67,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len(bin(i))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'0b10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'"
]
},
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bin(i)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 69,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"18446744073709551616"
]
},
"execution_count": 69,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"i"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 70,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i += 2**100"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 71,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'0b10000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'"
]
},
"execution_count": 71,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bin(i)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 72,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1000000"
]
},
"execution_count": 72,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"1_000_000"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 73,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1.5"
]
},
"execution_count": 73,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3/2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 74,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 74,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3//2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 75,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 75,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3//2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 76,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 76,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3%2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 77,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"4.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 77,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"16/4"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 78,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 78,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"16%4"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 79,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 79,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"17%4"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 80,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"8"
]
},
"execution_count": 80,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2**3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 81,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"8"
]
},
"execution_count": 81,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"(3**2)-1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Datatype Conversion"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 82,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 83,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"j = 42.666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 84,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = j"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 85,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"42.666"
]
},
"execution_count": 85,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"i"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 86,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 87,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = 'abc'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 88,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"str"
]
},
"execution_count": 88,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"42"
]
},
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"i"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 90,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = str(i)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 91,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'42'"
]
},
"execution_count": 91,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 92,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"j = int(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 93,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"42"
]
},
"execution_count": 93,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"j"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 94,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'ValueError'> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" int('abc')\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 95,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2748"
]
},
"execution_count": 95,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"int('abc', 16)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 96,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'ValueError'> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '42.666'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" int('42.666')\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 97,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"42.666"
]
},
"execution_count": 97,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"float('42.666')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 98,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = 'abc'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 99,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"jo\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if type(s) is str:\n",
" print('jo')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 100,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = {\n",
" 'one': 1,\n",
" 'two': 2,\n",
" 'three': 3,\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 101,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}\""
]
},
"execution_count": 101,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"str(d)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 102,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3267"
]
},
"execution_count": 102,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"int('12345', 7)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Compound Datatypes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### List"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 103,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [1, 2, 3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 104,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3]"
]
},
"execution_count": 104,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 105,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 105,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 106,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.append('vier')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 107,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier']"
]
},
"execution_count": 107,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 108,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.append(5.0)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 109,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0]"
]
},
"execution_count": 109,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 110,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.append([6, 7, 'acht'])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 111,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"6"
]
},
"execution_count": 111,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 112,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0, [6, 7, 'acht']]"
]
},
"execution_count": 112,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 113,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.append(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 114,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"7"
]
},
"execution_count": 114,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 115,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0, [6, 7, 'acht'], [...]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 115,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 116,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 116,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l[0]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 117,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0, [6, 7, 'acht'], [...]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 117,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l[6]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 118,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0, [6, 7, 'acht'], [...]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 118,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l[-1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 119,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[6, 7, 'acht']"
]
},
"execution_count": 119,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l[-2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 120,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 120,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l[4]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 121,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 121,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l[-3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 122,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"del l[-1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 123,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0, [6, 7, 'acht']]"
]
},
"execution_count": 123,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 124,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.extend([10, 20, 30])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 125,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0, [6, 7, 'acht'], 10, 20, 30]"
]
},
"execution_count": 125,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 126,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'TypeError'> '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" l.sort()\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 127,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 'vier', 5.0, [6, 7, 'acht'], 10, 20, 30]"
]
},
"execution_count": 127,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 128,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [1, 2, 3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 129,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1.extend([4, 5, 6])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 130,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
]
},
"execution_count": 130,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 131,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1.extend(l1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 132,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
]
},
"execution_count": 132,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 133,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1.sort()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 134,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6]"
]
},
"execution_count": 134,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 135,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [1,2,3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 136,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3]"
]
},
"execution_count": 136,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 137,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l2 = [3, 4, [5, 6, 7]]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 138,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1.extend(l2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 139,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 3, 4, [5, 6, 7]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 139,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 140,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[5, 6, 7]"
]
},
"execution_count": 140,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l2[-1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 141,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l2[-1].append(666)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 142,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[3, 4, [5, 6, 7, 666]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 142,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 143,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 3, 4, [5, 6, 7, 666]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 143,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 144,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 88, 42]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 145,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 145,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3 in l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 146,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 146,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2 in l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 147,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 147,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"666 in l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Tuple"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 148,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [1, 2, 3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 149,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782834179584"
]
},
"execution_count": 149,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 150,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.append(4)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 151,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782834179584"
]
},
"execution_count": 151,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 152,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 153,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835152"
]
},
"execution_count": 153,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(i)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 154,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i += 1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 155,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"43"
]
},
"execution_count": 155,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"i"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 156,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835184"
]
},
"execution_count": 156,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(i)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 157,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t = (1, 2, 3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 158,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'AttributeError'> 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" t.append(4)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 159,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 159,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t[1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 160,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'TypeError'> 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" t[1] += 5\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 161,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t = (1, 2, [3, 4])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 162,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[3, 4]"
]
},
"execution_count": 162,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t[2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 163,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t[2].append(666)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 164,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"(1, 2, [3, 4, 666])"
]
},
"execution_count": 164,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 165,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'TypeError'> 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" t[0] = 7\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Dictionary"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 166,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = {\n",
" 'one': 1,\n",
" 'two': 2,\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 167,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 167,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d['one']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 168,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'KeyError'> 'three'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" d['three']\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 169,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d['three'] = 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 170,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 170,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'three' in d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 171,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d1 = {\n",
" 'three': 33,\n",
" 'four': 'vier'\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 172,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d.update(d1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 173,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 33, 'four': 'vier'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 173,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 174,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = {}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 175,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"dict"
]
},
"execution_count": 175,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(d)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 176,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = dict()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 177,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"dict"
]
},
"execution_count": 177,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(d)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Set"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 178,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"menge = {1, 2, 3}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 179,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"menge.add(4)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 180,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"menge.add('fuenf')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 181,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1, 2, 3, 4, 'fuenf'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 181,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"menge"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 182,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"menge.remove(2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 183,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1, 3, 4, 'fuenf'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 183,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"menge"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 184,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 184,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"4 in menge"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 185,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"menge.add(5)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 186,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1, 3, 4, 5, 'fuenf'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 186,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"menge"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 187,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"menge.remove(5)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 188,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1, 3, 4, 'fuenf'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 188,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"menge"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 189,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"m1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 190,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"m2 = {3, 4, 5, 6}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 191,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}"
]
},
"execution_count": 191,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m1 | m2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 192,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{3, 4}"
]
},
"execution_count": 192,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m1 & m2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 193,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1, 2}"
]
},
"execution_count": 193,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m1 - m2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 194,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{5, 6}"
]
},
"execution_count": 194,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m2 - m1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 195,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"set"
]
},
"execution_count": 195,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(m2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 196,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 196,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3 in m1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 197,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"leeres_set = set()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Boolean"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 198,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"b = True"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 199,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"bool"
]
},
"execution_count": 199,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 200,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 201,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 201,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(i)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 202,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 202,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(0)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 203,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 203,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool('')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 204,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 204,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l = []\n",
"len(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 205,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 205,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 206,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = None"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 207,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"NoneType"
]
},
"execution_count": 207,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 208,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = []"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 209,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"na\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if l:\n",
" print('jo')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('na')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 210,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"na\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if len(l):\n",
" print('jo')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('na')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 211,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"jo\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if len(l) == 0:\n",
" print('jo')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('na')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Weirdness (Comprehensions)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### List Comprehension"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 212,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 213,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"squares = []\n",
"for n in numbers:\n",
" squares.append(n**2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 214,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25]"
]
},
"execution_count": 214,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"squares"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 215,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25]"
]
},
"execution_count": 215,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"[n**2 for n in numbers]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Dictionary Comprehension (Exchange key and Value of dict)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 216,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = {'zero': 0, 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4, 'five': 5, 'six': 6, 'seven': 7, 'eight': 8, 'nine': 9}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 217,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for k in d.keys():\n",
" print(d[k])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 218,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for v in d.values():\n",
" print(v)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 219,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"('zero', 0)\n",
"('one', 1)\n",
"('two', 2)\n",
"('three', 3)\n",
"('four', 4)\n",
"('five', 5)\n",
"('six', 6)\n",
"('seven', 7)\n",
"('eight', 8)\n",
"('nine', 9)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for item in d.items():\n",
" print(item)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 220,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"zero 0\n",
"one 1\n",
"two 2\n",
"three 3\n",
"four 4\n",
"five 5\n",
"six 6\n",
"seven 7\n",
"eight 8\n",
"nine 9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for item in d.items():\n",
" k = item[0]\n",
" v = item[1]\n",
" print(k, v)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 221,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"zero 0\n",
"one 1\n",
"two 2\n",
"three 3\n",
"four 4\n",
"five 5\n",
"six 6\n",
"seven 7\n",
"eight 8\n",
"nine 9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for k, v in d.items():\n",
" print(k, v)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 222,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d_reversed = {}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 223,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"for k, v in d.items():\n",
" d_reversed[v] = k"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 224,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{0: 'zero',\n",
" 1: 'one',\n",
" 2: 'two',\n",
" 3: 'three',\n",
" 4: 'four',\n",
" 5: 'five',\n",
" 6: 'six',\n",
" 7: 'seven',\n",
" 8: 'eight',\n",
" 9: 'nine'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 224,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d_reversed"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 225,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d_reversed = {v:k for k, v in d.items()}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 226,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{0: 'zero',\n",
" 1: 'one',\n",
" 2: 'two',\n",
" 3: 'three',\n",
" 4: 'four',\n",
" 5: 'five',\n",
" 6: 'six',\n",
" 7: 'seven',\n",
" 8: 'eight',\n",
" 9: 'nine'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 226,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d_reversed"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Functional Programming"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 227,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 228,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def square(n):\n",
" return n**2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 229,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"4\n",
"9\n",
"16\n",
"25\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for s in map(square, l):\n",
" print(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 230,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"4\n",
"9\n",
"16\n",
"25\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for s in map(lambda n: n**2, l):\n",
" print(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 231,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"2\n",
"4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for s in filter(lambda n: n%2==0, l):\n",
" print(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 232,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{'zero': 0,\n",
" 'one': 1,\n",
" 'two': 2,\n",
" 'three': 3,\n",
" 'four': 4,\n",
" 'five': 5,\n",
" 'six': 6,\n",
" 'seven': 7,\n",
" 'eight': 8,\n",
" 'nine': 9}"
]
},
"execution_count": 232,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 233,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"l2 = ['one', 'two', 'three']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 234,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"(1, 'one')\n",
"(2, 'two')\n",
"(3, 'three')\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in zip(l1, l2):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 235,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"('zero', 0)\n",
"('one', 1)\n",
"('two', 2)\n",
"('three', 3)\n",
"('four', 4)\n",
"('five', 5)\n",
"('six', 6)\n",
"('seven', 7)\n",
"('eight', 8)\n",
"('nine', 9)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in zip(d.keys(), d.values()):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 236,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"(0, 'zero')\n",
"(1, 'one')\n",
"(2, 'two')\n",
"(3, 'three')\n",
"(4, 'four')\n",
"(5, 'five')\n",
"(6, 'six')\n",
"(7, 'seven')\n",
"(8, 'eight')\n",
"(9, 'nine')\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in zip(d.values(), d.keys()):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 237,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{0: 'zero',\n",
" 1: 'one',\n",
" 2: 'two',\n",
" 3: 'three',\n",
" 4: 'four',\n",
" 5: 'five',\n",
" 6: 'six',\n",
" 7: 'seven',\n",
" 8: 'eight',\n",
" 9: 'nine'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 237,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"{v: k for v, k in zip(d.values(), d.keys())}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 238,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two')]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 239,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1: 'one', 2: 'two'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 239,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"dict(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 240,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{0: 'zero',\n",
" 1: 'one',\n",
" 2: 'two',\n",
" 3: 'three',\n",
" 4: 'four',\n",
" 5: 'five',\n",
" 6: 'six',\n",
" 7: 'seven',\n",
" 8: 'eight',\n",
" 9: 'nine'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 240,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"dict(zip(d.values(), d.keys()))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### ``set()``, ``list()``, ``dict()``"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 241,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [2, 4, 10, 9, 1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 242,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = set(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 243,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{1, 2, 4, 9, 10}"
]
},
"execution_count": 243,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 244,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 9, 10]"
]
},
"execution_count": 244,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"list(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 245,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s1 = {2, 3, 4}\n",
"s2 = {4, 5, 6}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 246,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{2, 3}"
]
},
"execution_count": 246,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s1 - s2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 247,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{2, 3, 4, 5, 6}"
]
},
"execution_count": 247,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"set(s1|s2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 248,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{2, 3}"
]
},
"execution_count": 248,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"set(s1 - s2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 249,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"diff = s1 - s2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 250,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{2, 3}"
]
},
"execution_count": 250,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"diff"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 251,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{2, 3}"
]
},
"execution_count": 251,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"set(diff)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## ``while`` (and ``else``)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Summe von 1..100 (beide inklusive)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 252,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"5050\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"summe = 0\n",
"n = 1\n",
"while n <= 100:\n",
" summe += n\n",
" n += 1\n",
"print(summe)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 253,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5050"
]
},
"execution_count": 253,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sum(range(1, 101)) # <--- pythonic"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 254,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5050"
]
},
"execution_count": 254,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"int(100*101/2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 255,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import random"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 256,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"lose 4\n",
"yaay\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"while True:\n",
" eyes = random.randrange(1, 7)\n",
" if eyes == 6:\n",
" print('yaay')\n",
" break\n",
" else:\n",
" print('lose', eyes)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 257,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"lose in versuch 0 , 1\n",
"lose in versuch 1 , 3\n",
"lose in versuch 2 , 1\n",
"lose in versuch 3 , 1\n",
"lose in versuch 4 , 5\n",
"lose in versuch 5 , 3\n",
"lose in versuch 6 , 4\n",
"lose in versuch 7 , 3\n",
"kompletter lose\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"n_tries = 0\n",
"while n_tries < 8:\n",
" eyes = random.randrange(1, 7)\n",
" if eyes == 6:\n",
" print('yaay')\n",
" break\n",
" else:\n",
" print('lose in versuch', n_tries, ',', eyes)\n",
" n_tries += 1\n",
"else:\n",
" print('kompletter lose')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## ``range()``"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 258,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"l = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
"for elem in l:\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 259,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"hallo\n",
"hallo\n",
"hallo\n",
"hallo\n",
"hallo\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in l:\n",
" print('hallo')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 260,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in range(5):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 261,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in range(2, 10):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 262,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2\n",
"4\n",
"6\n",
"8\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in range(2, 10, 2):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## ``range()``, And Generators, The Iterator Protocol"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 263,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"l = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
"for elem in l:\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 264,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'list'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(type(l))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 265,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"r = range(5)\n",
"for elem in r:\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 266,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"range(0, 5)"
]
},
"execution_count": 266,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"r"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 267,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'range'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(type(r))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 268,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in r:\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 269,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in l:\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 270,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"it = iter(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 271,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'list_iterator'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(type(it))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 272,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 272,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 273,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 273,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 274,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 274,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 275,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 275,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 276,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"4"
]
},
"execution_count": 276,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 277,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'StopIteration'> \n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" next(it)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 278,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"r = range(3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 279,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"it = iter(r)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 280,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 280,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 281,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def foo(bar):\n",
" return bar**2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 282,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def my_deppertes_range():\n",
" print('start')\n",
" yield 0\n",
" print('yield 1')\n",
" yield 1\n",
" print('yield 2')\n",
" yield 2\n",
" print('end')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 283,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"start\n",
"got 0\n",
"yield 1\n",
"got 1\n",
"yield 2\n",
"got 2\n",
"end\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"mdr = my_deppertes_range()\n",
"for elem in mdr:\n",
" print('got', elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 284,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"mdr = my_deppertes_range()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 285,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"it = iter(mdr)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 286,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"start\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 286,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 287,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"yield 1\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 287,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 288,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"yield 2\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 288,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"next(it)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 289,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"end\n",
"<class 'StopIteration'> \n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" next(it)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 290,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"numbers = range(20)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 291,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def even(seq):\n",
" for n in seq:\n",
" if n%2 == 0:\n",
" yield n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 292,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"2\n",
"4\n",
"6\n",
"8\n",
"10\n",
"12\n",
"14\n",
"16\n",
"18\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in even(numbers):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Functions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 293,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def maximum(a, b):\n",
" '''\n",
" blah\n",
" \n",
" * a: links\n",
" * b: rechts\n",
" '''\n",
" \n",
" if a < b:\n",
" return b\n",
" return a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 294,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 294,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"maximum(1, 2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 295,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'bbb'"
]
},
"execution_count": 295,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"maximum('aaa', 'bbb')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 296,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'int'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"i = 666\n",
"print(type(i))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 297,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'function'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(type(maximum))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 298,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"i = maximum"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 299,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 299,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"i(1, 2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Return Value? Parameters?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 300,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def foo():\n",
" return True"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 301,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"x = foo()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 302,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 302,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"x"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 303,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"ja\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if foo():\n",
" print('ja')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('nein')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 304,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def foo():\n",
" return False"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 305,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"nein\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if foo():\n",
" print('ja')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('nein')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 306,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def is_even(number):\n",
" if number % 2 == 0:\n",
" return True\n",
" else:\n",
" return False"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 307,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"nein\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if is_even(9):\n",
" print('ja')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('nein')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 308,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 308,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"is_even(10)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## More About Datatypes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### References, Immutability"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Integer objeckte sind Singletons bis 256 (?)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 309,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 310,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835152"
]
},
"execution_count": 310,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 311,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"b = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 312,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835152"
]
},
"execution_count": 312,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 313,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [1, 2, 3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 314,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782799029888"
]
},
"execution_count": 314,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(l1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 315,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l2 = [1, 2, 3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 316,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782798781696"
]
},
"execution_count": 316,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(l2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 317,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 318,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782798895952"
]
},
"execution_count": 318,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 319,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"b = 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 320,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782798895792"
]
},
"execution_count": 320,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 321,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 322,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835152"
]
},
"execution_count": 322,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 323,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a += 1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 324,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139783143835184"
]
},
"execution_count": 324,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 325,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def foo(n):\n",
" n += 1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 326,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"43"
]
},
"execution_count": 326,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 327,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"foo(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 328,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"43"
]
},
"execution_count": 328,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 329,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [1,2,3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 330,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def foo(seq):\n",
" seq.append(666)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 331,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"foo(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 332,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 666]"
]
},
"execution_count": 332,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 333,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t = (1,2,3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 334,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'AttributeError'> 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" foo(t)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Und Schuetzen?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 335,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"def avg(seq):\n",
" rv = sum(seq)/len(seq)\n",
" seq.append(666)\n",
" return rv"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 336,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 336,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"avg(l1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 337,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 666]"
]
},
"execution_count": 337,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 338,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [1, 2, 3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 339,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782798980096"
]
},
"execution_count": 339,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(l1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 340,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1_copy = l1[:]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 341,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 341,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"avg(l1_copy)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 342,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [1, 2, ['abc', 'def'], 3, 4]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 343,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l2 = l1[:]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 344,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 344,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1 is l2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 345,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l2.append(666)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 346,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, ['abc', 'def'], 3, 4]"
]
},
"execution_count": 346,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 347,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, ['abc', 'def'], 3, 4, 666]"
]
},
"execution_count": 347,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 348,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l2[2].append('ghi')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 349,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, ['abc', 'def', 'ghi'], 3, 4, 666]"
]
},
"execution_count": 349,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 350,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, ['abc', 'def', 'ghi'], 3, 4]"
]
},
"execution_count": 350,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 351,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t1 = (1, 2, ['abc', 'def'], 3, 4)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 352,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t2 = t1[:4]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 353,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 353,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t1 is t2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 354,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 354,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t1[2] is t2[2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 355,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t2[2].append('teifl')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 356,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"(1, 2, ['abc', 'def', 'teifl'], 3, 4)"
]
},
"execution_count": 356,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## More About Strings"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 357,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = 'blah'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 358,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah'"
]
},
"execution_count": 358,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 359,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = \"blah\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 360,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah'"
]
},
"execution_count": 360,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 361,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Es ist Joerg's Schuld\""
]
},
"execution_count": 361,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'Es ist Joerg\\'s Schuld'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 362,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Es ist Joerg's Schuld\""
]
},
"execution_count": 362,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Es ist Joerg's Schuld\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 363,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'erste zeile\\nzweite zeile'"
]
},
"execution_count": 363,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"erste zeile\\nzweite zeile\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 364,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"erste zeile\n",
"zweite zeile\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(\"erste zeile\\nzweite zeile\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 365,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"a\tb\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(\"a\\tb\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 366,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"a\\b\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(\"a\\\\b\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 367,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"dos_path = \"C:\\Programs\\Meine Programme\\neues programm\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 368,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"C:\\Programs\\Meine Programme\n",
"eues programm\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(dos_path)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 369,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"dos_path = \"C:\\Programs\\Meine Programme\\\\neues programm\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 370,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"C:\\Programs\\Meine Programme\\neues programm\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(dos_path)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 371,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"dos_path = r\"C:\\Programs\\Meine Programme\\neues programm\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 372,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"C:\\Programs\\Meine Programme\\neues programm\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(dos_path)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Formatting"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 373,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah 666 blah'"
]
},
"execution_count": 373,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"blah %d blah\" % 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 374,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah 666 blah 42.300000'"
]
},
"execution_count": 374,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"blah %d blah %.6f\" % (666, 42.3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 375,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah 666 blah 42.3 blah 666'"
]
},
"execution_count": 375,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'blah {0} blah {1} blah {0}'.format(666, 42.3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 376,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah 42.3 blah 666 blah 42.3'"
]
},
"execution_count": 376,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'blah {a} blah {b} blah {a}'.format(b=666, a=42.3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 377,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a, b = 42.3, 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 378,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah 42.3 blah 666 42.3'"
]
},
"execution_count": 378,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f'blah {a} blah {b} {a}'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 379,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah 43.3'"
]
},
"execution_count": 379,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f'blah {a+1}'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 380,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'blah [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]'"
]
},
"execution_count": 380,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f'blah {[i**2 for i in range(5)]}'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Regular Expressions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 381,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"line = ' 666 ; Joerg ;Faschingbauer '"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 382,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"pattern = r'^\\s*(\\d+)\\s*;\\s*([A-Za-z]+)\\s*;\\s*([A-Za-z]+)\\s*$'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 383,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"^\\s*(\\d+)\\s*;\\s*([A-Za-z]+)\\s*;\\s*([A-Za-z]+)\\s*$\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(pattern)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 384,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import re"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 385,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"compiled_pattern = re.compile(pattern)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 386,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"match = compiled_pattern.search(line)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 387,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'666'"
]
},
"execution_count": 387,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"match.group(1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 388,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Joerg'"
]
},
"execution_count": 388,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"match.group(2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 389,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Faschingbauer'"
]
},
"execution_count": 389,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"match.group(3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Das gleich ohne regex"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 390,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[' 666 ', ' Joerg ', 'Faschingbauer ']"
]
},
"execution_count": 390,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"line.split(';')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 391,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['666', 'Joerg', 'Faschingbauer']"
]
},
"execution_count": 391,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"fields = []\n",
"for field in line.split(';'):\n",
" fields.append(field.strip())\n",
"fields"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 392,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['666', 'Joerg', 'Faschingbauer']"
]
},
"execution_count": 392,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"[field.strip() for field in line.split(';')]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Miscellaneous String Methods"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 393,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 393,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s = ' '\n",
"s.isspace()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 394,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 394,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'XXX'.isupper()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 395,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 395,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'xxx'.islower()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 396,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 396,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'666'.isdigit()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 397,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 397,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len('')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 398,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = 'xxx'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 399,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"was drin\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if len(s):\n",
" print('was drin')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 400,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"was drin\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if s:\n",
" print('was drin')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 401,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = ''"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 402,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"nix drin\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if s:\n",
" print('was drin')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('nix drin')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 403,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = 'mississippi'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 404,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 404,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.count('ss')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 405,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'MISSISSIPPI'"
]
},
"execution_count": 405,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.upper()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 406,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 406,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.find('ss')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 407,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5"
]
},
"execution_count": 407,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.find('ss', 2+1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 408,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"-1"
]
},
"execution_count": 408,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.find('xxx')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 409,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 409,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.index('ss')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 410,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'ValueError'> substring not found\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" s.index('xxx')\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 411,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"filename = 'data.csv'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 412,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 412,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"filename.endswith('.csv')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 413,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"' 666 ; Joerg ;Faschingbauer '"
]
},
"execution_count": 413,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"line"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 414,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[' 666 ', ' Joerg ', 'Faschingbauer ']"
]
},
"execution_count": 414,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"line.split(';')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 415,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"items = ['666', 'Joerg', 'Faschingbauer']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 416,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'666;Joerg;Faschingbauer'"
]
},
"execution_count": 416,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"';'.join(items)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 417,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"' hallo '"
]
},
"execution_count": 417,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'hallo'.center(80)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 418,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"' hallo'"
]
},
"execution_count": 418,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s = 'hallo'\n",
"' '*(80-len(s)) + s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### More About Lists"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 419,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [1, 'two', 3.0]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 420,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.append(666)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 421,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 'two', 3.0, 666]"
]
},
"execution_count": 421,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 422,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l1 = [8, 'neun']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 423,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 'two', 3.0, 666, 8, 'neun']"
]
},
"execution_count": 423,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l.extend(l1)\n",
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 424,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"del l[3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 425,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 'two', 3.0, 8, 'neun']"
]
},
"execution_count": 425,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 427,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 427,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l[2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 428,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.insert(0, -1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 429,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[-1, 1, 'two', 3.0, 8, 'neun']"
]
},
"execution_count": 429,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 430,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[-1, 1, 1.5, 'two', 3.0, 8, 'neun']"
]
},
"execution_count": 430,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l.insert(2, 1.5)\n",
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 431,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['neun', 8, 3.0, 'two', 1.5, 1, -1]"
]
},
"execution_count": 431,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l.reverse()\n",
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 434,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"-1\n",
"1\n",
"1.5\n",
"two\n",
"3.0\n",
"8\n",
"neun\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in reversed(l):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 436,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 436,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l.pop(5)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 437,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['neun', 8, 3.0, 'two', 1.5, -1]"
]
},
"execution_count": 437,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### More About Dictionaries"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 438,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = dict()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 439,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{}"
]
},
"execution_count": 439,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 440,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = {'one': 1, 'two': 2}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 441,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d = {}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 443,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [('one', 1), ('two', 2)]\n",
"d = dict(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 444,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{'one': 1, 'two': 2}"
]
},
"execution_count": 444,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 445,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 445,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d['one']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 447,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'KeyError'> 'three'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" d['three']\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 448,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 448,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"v = d.get('two')\n",
"v"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 449,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"None\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"v = d.get('three')\n",
"print(v)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 450,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"nein\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if d.get('three'):\n",
" print('ja')\n",
"else:\n",
" print('nein')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 451,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d['three'] = 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 452,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"del d['three']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 453,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d['three'] = None"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 454,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 454,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'three' in d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 455,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"del d['three']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 456,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 456,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"v = d.get('three')\n",
"if v is None:\n",
" v = 3\n",
"v"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 458,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 458,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"v = d.get('three', 3)\n",
"v"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 463,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 463,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"v = d.get('three')\n",
"if v is None:\n",
" d['three'] = 3\n",
" v = d['three']\n",
"v"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 464,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"del d['three']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 465,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 465,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"v = d.setdefault('three', 3)\n",
"v"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 467,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}"
]
},
"execution_count": 467,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 468,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"one\n",
"two\n",
"three\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in d:\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 469,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"one\n",
"two\n",
"three\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in d.keys():\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 470,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in d.values():\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 471,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"('one', 1)\n",
"('two', 2)\n",
"('three', 3)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in d.items():\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 472,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"one 1\n",
"two 2\n",
"three 3\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in d.items():\n",
" k = elem[0]\n",
" v = elem[1]\n",
" print(k, v)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 473,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"one 1\n",
"two 2\n",
"three 3\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for k, v in d.items():\n",
" print(k, v)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 474,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a, b = 1, 2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 475,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 475,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 476,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 476,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 477,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"(a, b) = (b, a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 479,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 479,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 480,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 480,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 481,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"line = '666;Joerg;Faschingbauer'\n",
"id, firstname, lastname = line.split(';')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 483,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'666'"
]
},
"execution_count": 483,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 486,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'TypeError'> 'str' object is not callable\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" id(a)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 487,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"666"
]
},
"execution_count": 487,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"int('666')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 488,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"int = 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 490,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'TypeError'> 'int' object is not callable\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" int('666')\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 491,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"del int"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 492,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = 666"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 493,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"int"
]
},
"execution_count": 493,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 494,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"int = type(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 497,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"666"
]
},
"execution_count": 497,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"int('666')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 498,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<module 'builtins' (built-in)>"
]
},
"execution_count": 498,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"__builtins__"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 499,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<function id(obj, /)>"
]
},
"execution_count": 499,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"__builtin__.id"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 500,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"id = __builtins__.id"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 501,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"139782799135312"
]
},
"execution_count": 501,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"id(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 502,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{2: None, 3: None, 1: None, 5: None}"
]
},
"execution_count": 502,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"keys = [2, 3, 1, 5, 1]\n",
"dict.fromkeys(keys)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 503,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2\n",
"3\n",
"1\n",
"5\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for k in dict.fromkeys(keys):\n",
" print(k)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## More About Sets"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 505,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{'a', 'b', 'c'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 505,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s = set('abc')\n",
"s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 506,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"a\n",
"b\n",
"c\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in 'abc':\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 508,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{'abc', 'def'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 508,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"set(['abc', 'def'])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 510,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'TypeError'> 'int' object is not iterable\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" set(666)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Comprehensions (Generator Expressions)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 511,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def squares(l):\n",
" sqs = []\n",
" for elem in l:\n",
" sqs.append(elem**2)\n",
" return sqs"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 512,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"4\n",
"9\n",
"16\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in squares(range(5)):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 513,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"4\n",
"9\n",
"16\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in [i**2 for i in range(5)]:\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 514,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def squares(l):\n",
" for elem in l:\n",
" yield elem**2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 515,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"4\n",
"9\n",
"16\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in squares(range(5)):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 517,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"4\n",
"9\n",
"16\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for elem in (i**2 for i in range(5)):\n",
" print(elem)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 518,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<generator object <genexpr> at 0x7f21b81bbe60>"
]
},
"execution_count": 518,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"(i**2 for i in range(5))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 519,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16]"
]
},
"execution_count": 519,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"[i**2 for i in range(5)]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## File I/O"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 525,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import os"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 527,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"cwd = os.getcwd()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 529,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"os.chdir('/etc')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 533,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'/etc'"
]
},
"execution_count": 533,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"os.getcwd()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 534,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['extlinux.conf',\n",
" 'favicon.png',\n",
" 'grub2-efi.cfg',\n",
" 'grub2.cfg',\n",
" 'issue',\n",
" 'issue.net',\n",
" 'opensc-x86_64.conf',\n",
" '.java',\n",
" 'NetworkManager',\n",
" 'PackageKit',\n",
" 'UPower',\n",
" 'X11',\n",
" 'abrt',\n",
" 'alsa',\n",
" 'alternatives',\n",
" 'anaconda',\n",
" 'audit',\n",
" 'authselect',\n",
" 'avahi',\n",
" 'bash_completion.d',\n",
" 'binfmt.d',\n",
" 'bluetooth',\n",
" 'brltty',\n",
" 'ceph',\n",
" 'chkconfig.d',\n",
" 'chromium',\n",
" 'cifs-utils',\n",
" 'containers',\n",
" 'crypto-policies',\n",
" 'cups',\n",
" 'cupshelpers',\n",
" 'dbus-1',\n",
" 'dconf',\n",
" 'debuginfod',\n",
" 'default',\n",
" 'depmod.d',\n",
" 'dhcp',\n",
" 'dnf',\n",
" 'dnsmasq.d',\n",
" 'dracut.conf.d',\n",
" 'egl',\n",
" 'exports.d',\n",
" 'firefox',\n",
" 'firewalld',\n",
" 'flatpak',\n",
" 'flexiblasrc.d',\n",
" 'fonts',\n",
" 'fwupd',\n",
" 'gcrypt',\n",
" 'gdbinit.d',\n",
" 'gdm',\n",
" 'geoclue',\n",
" 'glvnd',\n",
" 'gnupg',\n",
" 'groff',\n",
" 'grub.d',\n",
" 'gss',\n",
" 'gssproxy',\n",
" 'hp',\n",
" 'httpd',\n",
" 'iproute2',\n",
" 'iscsi',\n",
" 'issue.d',\n",
" 'java',\n",
" 'jvm-common',\n",
" 'jvm',\n",
" 'kdump',\n",
" 'kernel',\n",
" 'krb5.conf.d',\n",
" 'ld.so.conf.d',\n",
" 'libblockdev',\n",
" 'libibverbs.d',\n",
" 'libnl',\n",
" 'libpaper.d',\n",
" 'libreport',\n",
" 'libssh',\n",
" 'libvirt',\n",
" 'logrotate.d',\n",
" 'lvm',\n",
" 'mcelog',\n",
" 'mdevctl.d',\n",
" 'modprobe.d',\n",
" 'modules-load.d',\n",
" 'motd.d',\n",
" 'my.cnf.d',\n",
" 'ndctl.conf.d',\n",
" 'ndctl',\n",
" 'nftables',\n",
" 'openldap',\n",
" 'openvpn',\n",
" 'opt',\n",
" 'ostree',\n",
" 'pam.d',\n",
" 'pkcs11',\n",
" 'pkgconfig',\n",
" 'pki',\n",
" 'plymouth',\n",
" 'pm',\n",
" 'polkit-1',\n",
" 'popt.d',\n",
" 'ppp',\n",
" 'profile.d',\n",
" 'pulse',\n",
" 'qemu-ga',\n",
" 'qemu',\n",
" 'rc.d',\n",
" 'reader.conf.d',\n",
" 'request-key.d',\n",
" 'rpm',\n",
" 'rwtab.d',\n",
" 'samba',\n",
" 'sane.d',\n",
" 'sasl2',\n",
" 'security',\n",
" 'selinux',\n",
" 'sgml',\n",
" 'skel',\n",
" 'sos',\n",
" 'speech-dispatcher',\n",
" 'ssh',\n",
" 'ssl',\n",
" 'sssd',\n",
" 'statetab.d',\n",
" 'sudoers.d',\n",
" 'swid',\n",
" 'sysconfig',\n",
" 'sysctl.d',\n",
" 'systemd',\n",
" 'terminfo',\n",
" 'thermald',\n",
" 'tmpfiles.d',\n",
" 'tpm2-tss',\n",
" 'udev',\n",
" 'udisks2',\n",
" 'unbound',\n",
" 'vmware-tools',\n",
" 'vpnc',\n",
" 'vulkan',\n",
" 'wireplumber',\n",
" 'wpa_supplicant',\n",
" 'xdg',\n",
" 'xml',\n",
" 'yum.repos.d',\n",
" 'zfs-fuse',\n",
" '.pwd.lock',\n",
" 'DIR_COLORS',\n",
" 'DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor',\n",
" 'GREP_COLORS',\n",
" 'adjtime',\n",
" 'bindresvport.blacklist',\n",
" 'brlapi.key',\n",
" 'chrony.conf',\n",
" 'chrony.keys',\n",
" 'dleyna-renderer-service.conf',\n",
" 'dleyna-server-service.conf',\n",
" 'dracut.conf',\n",
" 'fprintd.conf',\n",
" 'fstab',\n",
" 'fuse.conf',\n",
" 'jwhois.conf',\n",
" 'libaudit.conf',\n",
" 'libuser.conf',\n",
" 'locale.conf',\n",
" 'login.defs',\n",
" 'magic',\n",
" 'mailcap',\n",
" 'man_db.conf',\n",
" 'mime.types',\n",
" 'mke2fs.conf',\n",
" 'nanorc',\n",
" 'netconfig',\n",
" 'papersize',\n",
" 'passwdqc.conf',\n",
" 'pinforc',\n",
" 'request-key.conf',\n",
" 'sestatus.conf',\n",
" 'shells',\n",
" 'sudoers',\n",
" 'tcsd.conf',\n",
" 'usb_modeswitch.conf',\n",
" 'vconsole.conf',\n",
" 'wgetrc',\n",
" 'xattr.conf',\n",
" 'crypttab',\n",
" 'machine-id',\n",
" 'machine-info',\n",
" 'localtime',\n",
" 'hostname',\n",
" 'mtab',\n",
" 'subuid-',\n",
" 'subgid-',\n",
" 'timidity.cfg',\n",
" 'timidity++.cfg',\n",
" 'openal',\n",
" 'vdpau_wrapper.cfg',\n",
" 'ld.so.conf',\n",
" 'rpc',\n",
" 'asound.conf',\n",
" 'krb5.conf',\n",
" 'idmapd.conf',\n",
" 'sysctl.conf',\n",
" 'logrotate.conf',\n",
" 'mtools.conf',\n",
" 'brltty.conf',\n",
" 'flexiblasrc',\n",
" 'ts.conf',\n",
" 'gdbinit',\n",
" 'rsyncd.conf',\n",
" 'anthy-unicode.conf',\n",
" 'kdump.conf',\n",
" 'Trolltech.conf',\n",
" 'my.cnf',\n",
" 'rygel.conf',\n",
" 'virc',\n",
" 'swtpm-localca.conf',\n",
" 'swtpm-localca.options',\n",
" 'swtpm_setup.conf',\n",
" 'uresourced.conf',\n",
" 'opensc.conf',\n",
" 'aliases',\n",
" 'environment',\n",
" 'ethertypes',\n",
" 'exports',\n",
" 'filesystems',\n",
" 'host.conf',\n",
" 'inputrc',\n",
" 'motd',\n",
" 'networks',\n",
" 'printcap',\n",
" 'profile',\n",
" 'protocols',\n",
" 'services',\n",
" 'csh.login',\n",
" 'hosts',\n",
" 'nfsmount.conf',\n",
" 'nfs.conf',\n",
" 'dnsmasq.conf',\n",
" 'resolv.conf',\n",
" 'nsswitch.conf',\n",
" 'group-',\n",
" 'gshadow-',\n",
" 'passwd-',\n",
" 'shadow-',\n",
" 'thunderbird',\n",
" 'rhashrc',\n",
" 'ImageMagick-6',\n",
" 'bashrc',\n",
" 'csh.cshrc',\n",
" 'gimp',\n",
" 'updatedb.conf',\n",
" '.updated',\n",
" 'mplayer',\n",
" 'youtube-dl.conf',\n",
" 'appstream.conf',\n",
" 'mosquitto',\n",
" 'containerd',\n",
" 'docker',\n",
" 'at.deny',\n",
" 'lftp.conf',\n",
" 'shadow',\n",
" 'group',\n",
" 'gshadow',\n",
" 'subuid',\n",
" 'subgid',\n",
" 'passwd~',\n",
" 'passwd',\n",
" 'init.d',\n",
" 'rc0.d',\n",
" 'rc1.d',\n",
" 'rc2.d',\n",
" 'rc3.d',\n",
" 'rc4.d',\n",
" 'rc5.d',\n",
" 'rc6.d',\n",
" 'fedora-release',\n",
" 'os-release',\n",
" 'redhat-release',\n",
" 'system-release',\n",
" 'system-release-cpe',\n",
" 'inittab',\n",
" 'sudo.conf',\n",
" 'trusted-key.key',\n",
" 'makedumpfile.conf.sample',\n",
" 'sensors.d',\n",
" 'sensors3.conf',\n",
" 'ld.so.cache']"
]
},
"execution_count": 534,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"os.listdir()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 531,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = open('passwd', encoding='utf-8')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 535,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<_io.TextIOWrapper name='passwd' mode='r' encoding='utf-8'>"
]
},
"execution_count": 535,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 537,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"os.chdir(cwd)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 538,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'/home/jfasch/work/jfasch-home/trainings/log/detail/2023-12-18--Python-Basics'"
]
},
"execution_count": 538,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"os.getcwd()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 539,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = open('/etc/passwd', encoding='utf-8')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 541,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<_io.TextIOWrapper name='/etc/passwd' mode='r' encoding='utf-8'>"
]
},
"execution_count": 541,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 542,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'root:'"
]
},
"execution_count": 542,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.read(5)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 544,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"':root'"
]
},
"execution_count": 544,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.read(5)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 545,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"':/root:/bin/bash\\n'"
]
},
"execution_count": 545,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.readline()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 546,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\\n'"
]
},
"execution_count": 546,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.readline()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 547,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin\\nadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin\\nlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin\\nsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync\\nshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown\\nhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt\\nmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin\\noperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin\\ngames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin\\nftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin\\nnobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin\\ndbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin\\napache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin\\ntss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-oom:x:999:999:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nqemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin\\npolkitd:x:998:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin\\navahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin\\nunbound:x:997:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin\\nnm-openconnect:x:996:994:NetworkManager user for OpenConnect:/:/sbin/nologin\\ngeoclue:x:995:993:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin\\nusbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin\\ngluster:x:994:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin\\nrtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin\\nchrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin\\nsaslauth:x:992:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin\\ndnsmasq:x:991:989:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin\\nrpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin\\ncolord:x:990:988:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin\\nrpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin\\nopenvpn:x:989:987:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin\\nnm-openvpn:x:988:986:Default user for running openvpn spawned by NetworkManager:/:/sbin/nologin\\npipewire:x:987:985:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin\\nabrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin\\nflatpak:x:986:983:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin\\ngdm:x:42:42:GNOME Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin\\ngnome-initial-setup:x:985:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin\\nvboxadd:x:984:1::/var/run/vboxadd:/sbin/nologin\\nsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin\\ntcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin\\njfasch:x:1000:1000:Jörg Faschingbauer:/home/jfasch:/bin/bash\\nsystemd-coredump:x:978:978:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nsystemd-timesync:x:977:977:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\\nmosquitto:x:976:976:Mosquitto Broker:/etc/mosquitto:/sbin/nologin\\n'"
]
},
"execution_count": 547,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.read()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 548,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"''"
]
},
"execution_count": 548,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.read()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 549,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 549,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.seek(0)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 550,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'root:'"
]
},
"execution_count": 550,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.read(5)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 552,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = open('/etc/passwd', encoding='utf-8')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 553,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n",
"\n",
"bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync\n",
"\n",
"shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown\n",
"\n",
"halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt\n",
"\n",
"mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"systemd-oom:x:999:999:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"polkitd:x:998:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"unbound:x:997:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"nm-openconnect:x:996:994:NetworkManager user for OpenConnect:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"geoclue:x:995:993:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"gluster:x:994:992:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"saslauth:x:992:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"dnsmasq:x:991:989:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"colord:x:990:988:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"openvpn:x:989:987:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"nm-openvpn:x:988:986:Default user for running openvpn spawned by NetworkManager:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"pipewire:x:987:985:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"flatpak:x:986:983:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"gdm:x:42:42:GNOME Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"gnome-initial-setup:x:985:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"vboxadd:x:984:1::/var/run/vboxadd:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"jfasch:x:1000:1000:Jörg Faschingbauer:/home/jfasch:/bin/bash\n",
"\n",
"systemd-coredump:x:978:978:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"systemd-timesync:x:977:977:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n",
"mosquitto:x:976:976:Mosquitto Broker:/etc/mosquitto:/sbin/nologin\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for line in f:\n",
" print(line)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 557,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = open('/etc/passwd', encoding='ascii')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 558,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'UnicodeDecodeError'> 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 2440: ordinal not in range(128)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" for line in f:\n",
" print(line)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(type(e), e)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## ``pathlib``, ``os.path``"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 559,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"directory = '/etc'\n",
"filename = 'passwd'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 561,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'/etc/passwd'"
]
},
"execution_count": 561,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"directory + '/' + filename"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 562,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'/etc/passwd'"
]
},
"execution_count": 562,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"directory + os.sep + filename"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 563,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'/etc/passwd'"
]
},
"execution_count": 563,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"os.path.join(directory, filename)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 564,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import pathlib"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 565,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"directory = pathlib.Path('/etc')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 567,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"PosixPath('/etc')"
]
},
"execution_count": 567,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"directory"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 569,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"PosixPath('/etc/passwd')"
]
},
"execution_count": 569,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"directory / filename"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Regexen"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 574,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import re"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 575,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"rex = r'[^A-F]'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 577,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match='X'>"
]
},
"execution_count": 577,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"re.search(rex, 'X')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 578,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"re.search(rex, 'D')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 579,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"rex = r'^\\s*(#.*|$)'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 580,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<re.Match object; span=(0, 12), match=' # xxx'>"
]
},
"execution_count": 580,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"re.search(rex, ' # xxx')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 581,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<re.Match object; span=(0, 8), match=' '>"
]
},
"execution_count": 581,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"re.search(rex, ' ')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 582,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"re.search(rex, ' kadjckk # xxddjh')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## ``distill.py``"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 585,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'abc'"
]
},
"execution_count": 585,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s = ' \\t abc \\n \\n'\n",
"s.strip()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 588,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'# blah'"
]
},
"execution_count": 588,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s = ' # blah '\n",
"s.strip()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 589,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"blah\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print('blah')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 590,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"blah\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print('blah\\n')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 593,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"blahblahblahblah\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print('blah', end='blahblah')\n",
"print('blah')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 595,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"blahblah\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print('blah', end='')\n",
"print('blah')"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.11"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}