CMake: Cross Build

Cross Build: Parameters

  • Cross build parameters “toolchain” and “sysroot”

  • See Cross Development and Cross Toolchain Setup

  • Toolchain: usually a $PATH setting and a compiler name (arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc)

  • Sysroot: a directory with target artifacts

For a crosstool-ng built toolchain (unpacked to /home/jfasch/x-tools/), the parameters are:

Cross tools

/home/jfasch/x-tools/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf/bin/

Sysroot

/home/jfasch/x-tools/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf/

 
$ /home/jfasch/x-tools/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
      --sysroot /home/jfasch/x-tools/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf \
      -o hello-single hello-single.c

Core Build Instructions: Target Agnostic

A typical (simple) CMakeLists.txt …

PROJECT(GreetDemo)

ADD_LIBRARY(greet hello.h hello.c hello-flexible.c)

ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello-first hello-first.c)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hello-first greet)

ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello-second hello-second.c)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hello-second greet)

  • Build instructions are target-agnostic

  • What goes in a library?

  • What goes into an executable?

  • What does an executable depend on?

Toolchain Files

  • CMakeLists.txt is target-agnostic

  • By default: native compilation

  • Parameters Sysroot and Toolchain are set in per-target “toolchain files”

../raspberry-pi/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf.cmake
# the name of the target operating system
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)

# toolchain base directory (crosstool-ng toolchains bring the sysroot
# with them)
set(TOOLCHAIN_BASE_DIR /home/jfasch/toolchains/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf)

# which compilers to use for C and C++
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER   ${TOOLCHAIN_BASE_DIR}/bin/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${TOOLCHAIN_BASE_DIR}/bin/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf-g++)

# where is the target environment located. funny enough, this doesn't
# appear to influence the --sysroot compiler setting
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH ${TOOLCHAIN_BASE_DIR}/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf/sysroot)
set(CMAKE_SYSROOT        ${TOOLCHAIN_BASE_DIR}/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf/sysroot)

# adjust the default behavior of the FIND_XXX() commands:
# search programs in the host environment
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)

# search headers and libraries in the target environment
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)

  • Toolchain files describe toolchian parameters

  • ⟶ stored not in the project, but rather next to the toolchain

  • It depends 😉

Step 1: Generate Makefile in Build Directory

Sadly, cross build is a little more involved than native build - even with CMake.

  • In the build directory for the target architecture …

    $ cd /home/jfasch/build-pi    # <--- build directory

  • … you invoke CMake, pointing it to the toolchain file

  • ⟶ CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE

    $ cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/home/jfasch/armv8-rpi4-linux-gnueabihf.cmake /home/jfasch/source
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 11.2.1
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/jfasch/build-pi

  • This creates a Makefile in the build directory

  • Used as usual

  • Only generated ⟶ basically unreadable

Step 2: Build Using make

$ pwd
/home/jfasch/build-pi
$ make
[ 14%] Building C object CMakeFiles/greet.dir/hello.c.o
[ 28%] Building C object CMakeFiles/greet.dir/hello-flexible.c.o
[ 42%] Linking C static library libgreet.a
[ 42%] Built target greet
[ 57%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hello-second.dir/hello-second.c.o
[ 71%] Linking C executable hello-second
[ 71%] Built target hello-second
[ 85%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hello-first.dir/hello-first.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable hello-first
[100%] Built target hello-first

Et voila:

$ ls -l
total 96
-rw-rw-r--. 1 jfasch jfasch 13921 Apr 22 10:58 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x. 7 jfasch jfasch   280 Apr 22 11:02 CMakeFiles
-rw-rw-r--. 1 jfasch jfasch  1688 Apr 22 10:58 cmake_install.cmake
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 jfasch jfasch 26192 Apr 22 11:02 hello-first
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 jfasch jfasch 27920 Apr 22 11:02 hello-second
-rw-rw-r--. 1 jfasch jfasch  8102 Apr 22 11:02 libgreet.a
-rw-rw-r--. 1 jfasch jfasch  8503 Apr 22 10:58 Makefile

$ file hello-first
hello-first: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3, BuildID[sha1]=5db807d9b005b19e1e0c957755fa7ca7b771edcb, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, with debug_info, not stripped